Holocene, climate

Leyden, J.J., Wassenaar, L.L, Hobson, K.A., Walker, E.G. (2006). Stable hydrogen isotopes of bison bone collagen as a proxy for Holocene climate on the Northern Great Plains. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Vol. 239, pp. 87-99. (http //dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.01.009)... 

Alley RB, Mayewski PA, Sowers T, Stuiver M, Taylor KC, Clark PU (1997) Holocene climatic instability A prominent, widespread event 8200 yr ago. Geology 25 483-486 Amelin Y, Zaitsev AN (2002) Precise geochronology of phoscorites and carbonatites The critical role of U-series disequilibrium in age interpretations. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66 2399-2419 Amundson RG, Chadwick OA, Sowers JM, Doner HE (1988) Relationship between climate and vegetation and the stable carbon isotope chemistry of soils in the eastern Mojave Desert, Nevada. Ouat Res 29 245-254... 

Dorale JA, Gonzalez LA, Reagan MK, Pickett DA, Minrell MT, Baker RG (1992) A high-resolntion record of Holocene climate change in speleothem calcite from Cold Water Cave, northeast Iowa. Science 258 1626-1630... 

McDermott F, Mattey DP, Hawkesworth CJ (2001) Centennial-scale Holocene climate variability revealed by a high-resolntion speleotherm record from SW Ireland. Science 294 1328-1331 McGarry SF, Baker A (2000) Organic acid fluorescence applications to speleothem paleoenvironmental reconstraction. Qnat Sci Rev 19 1087-1101... 

Pickett DA, Murrell MT, Williams RW (1994) Determination of femtogram quantities of protactinium in geologic samples by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 66 1044-1049 Plagnes V, Causse C, Genty D, Pateme M, Blamart D (2002) A discontinuous climatic record from 187 to 74 ka from a speleothem of the Clamouse Cave (south of France). Earth Planet Sci Lett 201 87-103 Polyak VJ, Asmerom Y (2001) Late Holocene climate and cultural changes in the southwestern United States. Science 294 148-151... 

Poage, M.A. Sjostrom, D.J. Goldberg, J. Chamberlain, C.P. G. Fumiss (2000) Isotopic evidence for Holocene climate change in the northern Rockies from a goefhite-rich fer-ricrete chronosequence. Chem. Geol. 166 327-240... 

Hare F.K., Late Pleistocene and Holocene climates some persistent problems. Quaternary Research , 6, 507-517 (1976). 

McCulloch M., Mortimer G., Esat T., Xianhua E., Pillans B., and Chappell J. (1996) High resolution windows into early Holocene climate Sr/Ca coral records from the Huon Peninsula. Earth Planet. Sci. I ett. 138, 169-178. 

Koutavas A., Lynch-Stieglitz J., Marchitto T. M. J., and Sachs J. P. (2002) Deglacial and Holocene climate record from the Galapagos Islands El Nino linked to Ice Age climate. Science 297(5579), 226-230. 

Carbon-cycle responses to Holocene climate change have been hypothesized to explain the atmospheric CO2 and CH4 trends observed in the ice-core record of this period. The early Holocene expansion of terrestrial vegetation and soils in areas that were previously glaciated has been suggested as the cause of the early Holocene decrease in CO2 (Indermuhle et al., 1999). Likewise, the increase in atmospheric CO2 between 8 ka and I ka has been attributed to a release of biospheric carbon caused by a global trend during... 

McDermott, F., Frisia, S. Huang, Y., Longinelli, A., Spiro, B., Heaton, T.H.E., Hawkesworth, C.J., Borsato, A., Keppens, E., Fairchild, I.J., van der Borg, K., Verheyden, S. and Selmo, E., 1999, Holocene climate variability in Europe Evidence from 6 0, textural and extension-rate variations in three speleothems, Quat. Sci. Rev. 18 1021-1038. 

Polyak, V.J. Asmerom, Y. (2001) Late Holocene climate and cultural changes in southwestern United States. Science 294, 148-151. 

Harvey, A.M., Wigand, P.E. Wells, S.G. (1999) Response of alluvial fan systems to the late Pleistocene to Holocene climatic transition contrasts between the margins of pluvial Lakes Lahontan and Mojave, Nevada and California, USA. Catena 36, 255-281. 

R. Pienitz, J.P. Smol, G.M. MacDonald (1999). Paleolimnological reconstruction of Holocene climatic trends from two boreal treeline lakes. Northwest Territories, Canada. Arc. Antarc. Alp. Res., 31, 82-93. 

FIGURE 1 Reduction of desert from present-day climate to mid-Holocene climate simulated by (a) the models of Texier et al. (1997), (b) Kutzbach ct al. (1996), and (c) Claussen and Gayler (1997). (a, c) are taken with modifications from deNoblet et al. (2000) and (b) with modifications from Kutzbach etal. (1996). 

The model of Ganopolski et al. (1998) is the only true climate model according the IPCC definition as it includes all components of the climate system relevant to describe mid-Holocene climate. However, it has a rather coarse horizontal resolution. Hence to be certain of their results, one must confirm that these results are independent of the model resolution. 

Why do we find multiple solutions in the subtropics, but none at high latitudes—and why for the present-day and LGM climates, but not for mid-Holocene climate Claussen et al. (1998) analyze large-scale atmospheric pattern in present-day, mid-Holocene, and LGM climates. They find that velocity potential... 

A more ecological interpretation of multiple equilibria is given by Brovkin et al. (1998). They develop a conceptual model of vegetation-precipitation interaction in the western Sahara which is applied to interpret the results of comprehensive models. The conceptual model finds three solutions for present-day and LGM climate one of these, however, is unstable to infinitesimally small perturbations. The humid solution is shown to be less probable than the arid solution, and this explains the existence of the Sahara desert as it is today. For mid-Holocene climate, only one solution is obtained. Application of the conceptual model to biospheric feedbacks at high latitudes (Levis et al, 1999) yields only one solution for the present-day conditions. 

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