Great Lakes contaminants

Passino-Reader, D.R., Hickey, J.P., and Ogilvie, L.M. Toxicity to Daphnia pulexmA QSAR predictions for polycyclic hydrocarbons representative of Great Lakes contaminants. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 59(5) 834-840, 1997. Pathare, S., Bhethanabotla, V.R., and Campbell, S.W. Total vapor-pressure measurements for 2-ethoxyethanol with carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and dichloromethane at 303.15 K, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 49(3) 510-513, 2004. 

As previously mentioned, neurobehavioral alterations have been observed in rats and monkeys following pre- and/or postnatal exposure to conunercial Aroclor mixtures, defined experimental congener mixtures, single PCB congeners, and Great Lakes contaminated fish. Monkeys exposed from birth to age 20 weeks to PCB mixtures of congeneric composition and concentration similar to that found in human breast milk... 

W. G. Foster, The reproductive toxicology of Great Lakes contaminants. Environ. Health Perspect., 1995, 103(Supplement 9), 63-69. 

J. P. Hickey, A. Aldridge, D. R. May Passino, A. M. Frank, Expert System Predicts Aquatic Toxicityfrom Contaminant Chemical Structure,NMoa-A Fisheries Research Center-Great Lakes, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1991 Ibid., Drug Information Journal 26, 487 (1992). 

Fish from Lake Erie are generally the least contaminated of all the Great Lakes IS), It has been speculated that contaminants in a more advanced eutrophic system become masked or removed by sedimentation within the food chain and have less opportunity to reach higher trophic levels 24), The management implications of this interaction between nutrient and contaminants needs to be further elucidated. 

De Vault DS. 1985. Contaminants in fish from Great Lakes harbors and tributary mouths. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 14 587-594. 

PCBs have been implicated in the decline of certain populations of fish-eating birds, for example, in the Great Lakes of North America. Although their use is now banned in most countries and very little is released into the environment as a consequence of human activity, considerable quantities remain in sinks (e.g., contaminated sediments and landfill sites), from which they are slowly redistributed to other compartments of the environment. There continues to be evidence that PCB residues are still having environmental effects, for example, on birds and fish. 

Bowerman, D.A., Best, T.G., and Grubb, G.M. et al. (1998). Trends of contaminants and effects in bald eagles of the Great Lakes Basin. In M. Gilbertson et al. (Eds.) Trends in Levels and Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances in the Great Lakes, 197-212. 

Norstrom, R.J., Simon, M., and Weseloh, D.V. (1986). Long term trends of PCDD and PCDF contamination in the Great Lakes. Proceedings of Dioxin 86, the Sixth International Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds held at Fukuoka, Japan, September 1986. 

Eisenreich SJ, Looney BB, Thornton JD. 1981. Airborne organic contaminants in the Great Lakes ecosystem. Environmental Science and Technology 15 30-38. 

Strachan WMJ, Edwards CJ. 1984. Organic pollutants in Lake Ontario. In Nriagu JO, Simmons MS, eds. Toxic contaminants in the Great Lakes. New York, NY John Wiley and Sons, 239-264. 

Ashpole SL, Bishop CA, Brooks RJ. 2004. Contaminant residues in snapping turtle Chelydm s. serpentina) eggs from the Great Lakes-St Lawrence River basin (1999 to 2000). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 47 240-252. 

Bishop CA, Ng P, Pettit KE, Kennedy SW, Stegeman JJ, Norstrom RJ, Brooks RJ. 1998. Environmental contamination and developmental abnormalities in eggs and hatchlings of the common snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina serpentina) from the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River basin (1989-91). Environ Pollut 101 143-56. 

Qrasman KA, Scanlon PF, Fox GA. 1998. Reproductive and physiological effects of environmental contaminants in fish-eating birds of the Great Lakes a review of historical trends. Environ Monit Assess 53 117-145. 

Nisbet ICT. 1998. Trends in concentrations and effects of persistent toxic contaminants in the Great Lakes their significance for inferring management actions. Environ Manage Assess 53 3-15. 

Pekarik C, Weselo DV, Barret GC, Simon M, Bishop CA, Pettit KE. 1998. An atlas of contaminants in the eggs of fish-eating colonial birds of the Great Lakes (1993-1997), Vol 1 and 2. Canadian Wildhfe Service, Ontario Region Tech. Rep. Series Number 322. 

Konasewich D, Traversy W, Zar H. 1978. Status report on organic and heavy metal contaminants in the Lakes Erie, Michigan, Huron and Superior basins. Great Lakes Water Quality Board. 

Williams DT, Nestmann ER. LeBel GL, et al. 1982. Determination of mutagenic potential and organic contaminants of Great Lakes drinking water. Chemosphere 11 263-276. 

Volatilization. Transfer of chemicals across the air/water interface can result in either a net gain or loss of chemical, although in many cases the bulk concentration in the air above a contaminated water body is low enough to be neglected (20). When the atmosphere is the primary source of the contaminant, as for example polychlorinated biphenyls in some parts of the Laurentian Great Lakes, atmospheric concentrations obviously cannot be neglected. The Whitman two-film or two-resistance approach (21) has been applied to a number of environmental situations (20, 22, 23). Transport across the air/water interface is viewed as a two-stage process, in which both phases of the interface can offer resistance to transport of the chemical. The rate of transfer depends on turbulence in the water body and in the atmosphere, the... 

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