Granulomatous hypersensitivity

Boros DL, Pelley RP, Warren KS Spontaneous modulation of granulomatous hypersensitivity in Schistosoma mansoni. J Immunol 1975 114 1437-1441. 

Granulomatous hypersensitivity Intestinal mastocytosis Macrophage activation Serological Antibody isotype Antibody specificity Complement components Hypergammaglobulinaemia Rate of antibody production Functional... 

Haniein JM, Epstein WLand Cline MJ (1970) In vitro studies of granulomatous hypersensitivity to beryllium. J Invest Dermatol 55 284-288. 

Granulomatous hypersensitivity Cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction that occurs when macrophages have engulfed pathogens but have failed to kill them. 

Hanifin JM, Epstein WL, Cline MJ. In vitro studies on granulomatous hypersensitivity to berylUum. J Invest Dermatol 1970 55(4) 284—288. 

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis a group of respiratory diseases that cause inflammation of the lung (specifically granulomatous cells). Most forms of... 

Hepatotoxicity Hepatotoxicity (including granulomatous hepatitis) due to quinidine hypersensitivity has occurred. 

A 67-year-old man developed Stevens-Johnson syndrome after taking glibenclamide 20 mg/day for 4 weeks, having previously used insulin. He died from hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia. Post mortem examination also showed features of granulomatous arteritis and cholestatic interface hepatitis, suggestive of a hypersensitivity reaction (129). 

Blepharopigmentation with Al-silicate has been introduced during the last decade as a technique for creating a permanent line along the eyelid margin, thus simulating a cosmetic eyeliner. Patients can have a delayed hypersensitivity granulomatous reaction [179]. 

Hepatitis can be part of a generalized hypersensitivity reaction. Hepatotoxicity ranges from mild granulomatous hepatitis to severe hepatocellular necrosis (SED-5, 155) (SEDA-4,70). Renal impairment seems to be a prerequisite for a severe hepatic reaction. 

There have been several reports of fatal hepatic failure (SED-12, 132) (50), granulomatous hepatitis (SED-12, 132) (51-53), cholestatic hepatitis (SEDA-16, 71), and cholangitis ascribed to carbamazepine. Most acute hepa-totoxic reactions caused by carbamazepine are accompanied by fever, rash, eosinophilia, and other signs of hypersensitivity, although they have also occurred without rash and eosinophilia (SEDA-19, 66). 

Immunological reactions to cromoglicate can involve the pericardium, the lung, the eye, the nasal mucosa, the skin, the joints, and the liver. Rarely, a hypersensitivity reaction can cause fever (4). A survey of the world literature up to 1982 found 13 cases of facial rash, urticaria, and/or generalized dermatitis, and one of nasal congestion. In 19 patients there was bronchospasm and/or pulmonary edema, eventually culminating in shock. Four cases of eosinophilic or granulomatous pulmonary infiltration, one of liver disease and vasculitis, one of pericarditis, and three of polymyositis were reported. 

Singer DR, Simpson JG, Catto GR, Johnston AW. Drug hypersensitivity causing granulomatous interstitial nephritis. Am J Kidney Dis 1988 ll(4) 357-9. 

Fervenza FC, Kanakiriya S, Kunau RT, Gibney R, Lager DJ. Acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis and colitis in anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome associated with lamotrigine treatment. Am J Kidney Dis 2000 36(5) 1034-40. 

Acute lung reactions to nitrofurantoin are extremely rare in children (12). Lung tissue findings in acute reactions have shown minor vasculitis, granulomatous vasculitis (hypersensitivity angiitis), proliferation of endothelial cells, and empty alveoli (13). Rapidly progressing bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP) has been reported (14). 

Hustead JD. Granulomatous uveitis and quinidine hypersensitivity. Am J Ophthalmol 1991 112(4) 461-2. 

Topical zirconium can cause hypersensitivity granulomas in sensitized persons, which has led to the removal of zirconium salts from antiperspirants (SEDA-22, 242). Complexes of zirconium and aluminum are non-sensitizing and are still commonly used as active ingredients in topical antiperspirants. However, a granulomatous reaction to this material has been reported (1). 

In man, hypersensitivity reactions of the delayed type (mostly granulomatous changes) have been described on the skin and, more rarely, in the lungs of persons exposed to either water-soluble or water-insoluble zirconium compounds. The allergenic effects have also been demonstrated in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig. 

Live bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG TICE BCG, theracys) is an attenuated culture of the bacillus of Calmette and Guerin strain o/Mycobacterium bovis, which induces a granulomatous reaction at the site of administration. By unclear mechanisms, this preparation is active against tumors and is indicated for treatment and prophylaxis of carcinoma in situ of the u rinary bladder and for prophylaxis of primary and recurrent stage Ta and/or T1 papillary tumors after transurethral resection. Adverse effects include hypersensitivity, shock, chills, fever, malaise, and immune complex disease. 

SY Irrit eyes epis derm resp hypersensitivity granulomatous pneu asthma, cough, wheez, sinusitis prolonged colds [care] TO Eyes, skin, resp sys [nasal cancer] ... 

Espiritu et al. (1967) describe a case of granulomatous hepatitis after administration of sulfadimethoxine (Madribon) which was connected with fever, rash, jaundice, and interstitial pneumonia. The authors trace these symptoms back to a hypersensitivity. 

It has been shown that, in an experimental granulomatous inflammation model, secretion of smCKBP by live e s modulated the diflerential recruitment of cells and the size of the egg granuloma, and it was proposed that smCKBP may facflitate granuloma formation and the propagation of the S. mansoni e s. Recombinant smCKBP suppressed inflammation induced in a mouse contact hypersensitivity model and inhibited CXCLS-induced pulmonary inflammation [66]. 

Palmer L, Walton W (1967) Lupus miliaris disseminata faciei zirconium hypersensitivity as possible cause. Cutis 7 744-748 Rabinowitz LO, Zaim MT (1996) A clinicopathologic approach to granulomatous dermatoses. J Am Acad Dermatol 35 15-33 Zerboni R, Moroni P, Cannavo SP, et al. (1990) Sinus pilonidale interdigitale dei parrucchieri. Med Lav 81 138-141... 

Experimental animals given a course of injections of homologous antigen and Freund s complete adjuvant develop delayed hypersensitivity to the antigen. These immunised animals may also develop granulomatous lesions at the injection sites (in muscles if the primary injection was made intramuscular, and internally if the injection was made either intavenous or intraperitoneal). 

Figure 5 See color insert.) (A) Lung biopsy specimen of subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis showing bronchiolocentric interstitial inflammation and poorly formed granulomas around bronchiole. (B) Interstitial granulomatous lesion in another field of the same patient. (C) Chronic interstitial inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis in an HP patient with two years of progressive symptoms before hiopsy. Arrowhead shows a poorly formed granuloma. Abbreviation-. HP, hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Sood A, Sreedhar R, Kulkami P, et al. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis-like granulomatous lung disease with nontuberculous mycobacteria from exposure to hot water aerosols. Environ Health Perspect 2007 115(2) 262-266. 

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