Interstitial Pneumonias

Flutamide is an androgen receptor antagonist that achieves peak concentrations approximately 2 to 4 hours after an oral dose. Flutamide is metabolized extensively, with a terminal half-life of about 8 hours. Bicalutamide achieves peak concentrations approximately 6 hours after the dose, with a terminal half-life of 6 to 10 days. Bicalutamide undergoes stereospecihc metabolism, where the S-enantiomer is cleared more rapidly by the liver than the -enantiomer. Nilutamide achieves peak serum concentrations between 1 to 4 hours after an oral dose and has a terminal half-life of 38 to 60 hours. Nilutamide is metabolized extensively, with less than 2% excreted as unchanged drug by the kidney. Side effects common to these agents are hot flashes, gynecomastia, and decreased libido. Flutamide tends to be associated with more diarrhea and requires three-times-daily administration, whereas bicalutamide is dosed once daily. Nilutamide may cause interstitial pneumonia and is associated with the visual disturbance of delayed adaptation to darkness. 

HAMD Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression IPN Interstitial pneumonia... 

Choi ES, Pierce EM, Jakubzick C, et al. Focal interstitial CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) expression in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. J Clin Pathol 2006 59(1) 28—39. 

Choi ES, Jakubzick C, Carpenter KJ, et al. Enhanced monocyte chemoattractant protein-3/CC chemokine ligand-7 in usual interstitial pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004 170(5) 508-515. 

Little information exists about the mechanism of action of the azaspiracids. The chronic effects observed in mice after oral administration of azaspiracid included interstitial pneumonia, shortened villi in the stomach and small intestine, fatty changes in the liver, and necrosis of lymphocytes in the thymus and spleen (Ito et al., 2002). 

In a study of the time course of nickel-induced respiratory lesions, rats were exposed at 0, 0.22, or 0.95 mg nickel/m as nickel subsulfide 6 hours/day for up to 22 days (Benson et al. 1995b). Inflammatory lung lesions peaked at day 4 of exposure at the high concentration. Alveolitis was noted at the low concentration in all six exposed rats after 7 days of exposure (rats exposed to the low concentration were not examined at earlier time points). Following 6 months of exposure (6 hours/day, 5 days/week), alveolitis of moderate severity was observed in rats exposed to nickel oxide at 1.96 mg nickel/m and mild alveolitis was observed in rats exposed to nickel sulfate at 0.11 mg nickel/m (Benson et al. 1995a). In mice, interstitial pneumonia was observed at 0.98 mg nickel/m and 0.22 mg... 

Bone marrow transplantation Immune globulin (intravenous [IV])2 500 mg/kg IV on days 7 and 2 prior to transplantation and then once weekly through day 90 after transplantation. Prophylaxis to decrease the risk of infection, interstitial pneumonia, and acute graft-versus-host disease in... 

Inhalation exposure to toluene diisocyanates is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract, and induced chronic rhinitis, interstitial pneumonia and catarrhal bronchitis after long-term exposure. Respiratory sensitization to toluene diisocyanate developed in guinea-pigs after inhalation but also after dermal exposure (lARC, 1986). 

Interstitial pneumonia has been reported in a patient taking epoprostenol for primary pulmonary hypertension (6). 

Morimatsu H, Goto K, Matsusaki T, Katayama H, Matsubara H, Ohe T, Morita K. Rapid development of severe interstitial pneumonia caused by epoprostenol in a patient with primary pulmonary hypertension. Anesth Analg 2004 99 1205-7. 

A few chemotherapeutic agents accumulate in endocytic vesicles probably due to their size and/or charge. Bleomycin (BLM, MW 1.400) is a chemotherapeutic drug approved for the treatment of many forms of cancer. The applicability of bleomycin is, however, limited by the adverse effects of the treatment, especially interstitial pneumonia causing irreversible lung fibrosis in 3% of the treated patients... 

T., Kato, A., Chida, K. Possible therapeutic effect of direct haemoperfusion with a polymyxin B immobilized fibre column (PMX-DHP) on pulmonary oxygenation in acute exacerbations of interstitial pneumonia. Respirology 13 (2008) 452-460. 

Noma, S., Matsuyama, W., Mitsuyama, H., Suetsugu, T., Koreeda, Y., Mizuno, K., Higashimoto, I., Kakihana, Y., Hashiguchi, T., Maruyama, I., Osame, M., Arimura, K. Two cases of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia treated with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column hemoperfusion treatment. Intern Med 46 (2007) 1447-1454. 

Freed JA, Miller A, Gordon RE, et al. 1991. Desquamative interstitial pneumonia associated with chrysotile asbestos fibers. Br J Ind Med 48(5) 332-337. 

Interstitial pneumonia Autoimmune hepatitis Overlap syndrome PBC Sarcoidosis... 

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