Adjuvant complete

Free induction decay (FID) 1216 Freud s adjuvant, complete 194 Frone 467... 

Freund s adjuvant complete and incomplete (Sigma. St. Louis, MO). 

Mix the resulting suspension with an equal volume of Freund s adjuvant-complete for first, incomplete for subsequent immunizations. 

In general, IgG 1 molecules are present in much lower concentration than IgG2 in the sera of nonimmunized animals, but the relative and total concentration of IgG 1 may increase markedly upon challenge with certain antigens without the use of adjuvant complete Freund s adjuvant tends to stimulate formation of IgG2 (133). 

The immunorestorative potential of inosiplex has been evaluated in several clinical conditions, including post-surgical trauma, cancer patients with concurrent viral infections, and cancer patients receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy. For example, most (84%) of the surgery patients remained immunologicaHy depressed, but 56% of the inosiplex-treated surgery patients had complete restoration of normal skin test reactivity (probability level < 0.0005). The use of inosiplex as an adjuvant to chemotherapy or radiotherapy appears to be valuable in the prophylaxis against opportunistic infections. 

Polyclonal Antibodies against FORL r purified polygalacturonase were raised in white rabbits. For the first immunization 200 jxg of purified protein in 300 jxl of distilled water was mixed with 200 1 of PBS and 500 n of complete Freund s adjuvcmt and injected intramusculary into the leg. Two subsequent intramuscular injections, each containing 300 fig of protein in 1 ml of incomplete Freund s adjuvant were given at 1 month intervals. Finally, the rabbit was bled 1 week later. The antisera, separated from blood by incubation at 37 "C, were stored in 1 ml fractions at -20 C. 

Compared to wild-type mice, in TRPVl gene-deleted (—/—) mice, complete Freund s adjuvant evokes significantly less oedema, hyperalgesia and arthritis score [149]. 

Two goats were immunized three times during the first 2 weeks with 1 mg of the antigen emulsified in 1 ml of Freund s complete adjuvant at several subcutaneous sites near regional lymph centers. Booster injections of 3 mg of antigen were administered at monthly intervals. The animals were bled 7 days after each boost. After several months of immunization, the titer and affinity of the antibody response was judged sufficient for use. 

Adjuvant tamoxifen therapy generally is initiated shortly after surgery or as soon as pathology results are known and the decision to administer tamoxifen as adjuvant therapy is made. The administration of tamoxifen should be limited to administration after completion of chemotherapy based on results from a study that randomized patients to receive chemotherapy for six cycles with concurrent tamoxifen, followed by continued tamoxifen for a total of 5 years, or chemotherapy with sequential tamoxifen for 5 years.39 After a median follow-up of 8.5 years, the administration of sequential tamoxifen resulted in an estimated DFS advantage of 18% [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.18] compared with the concurrent use of tamoxifen with chemotherapy.39 It is believed the growth-inhibitory effect of... 

Early breast cancer is resected completely with curative intent, and adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy are initiated to prevent recurrence. During adjuvant chemotherapy, laboratory values to monitor chemotherapy toxicity are obtained prior to each cycle of chemotherapy. After completion of adjuvant therapy, patients are monitored every 3 months for the first few years after diagnosis, with intervals between exams extended as time from diagnosis lengthens. 

Arriagada R, Bergman B, Dunant A, et al. Cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer. New Engl J Med 2004 350(4) 351—360. 

There is currently no definitive role for adjuvant radiation in colon cancer. However, patients who receive surgery for rectal cancer receive radiation therapy to reduce local tumor recurrence. Adjuvant radiation plus chemotherapy is considered standard treatment for patients with stage II or III rectal cancer after the surgical procedure is complete.17 Preoperative radiation may be used to reduce the initial size of rectal cancers in order to make the surgical procedure easier. 

AIA, adjuvant-induced arthritis CFA, complete Freund s adjuvant CIA, collagen-induced arthritis DTH, delayed-type hypersensitivity LPS, lipopolysaccharide. 

Materials. Microspherical PGG glucan (Adjuvax, Alpha-Beta Technology, Worcester, MA) was prepared from Saccharomyces cereviseae strain R4 cells (11). Zymosan, cytochrome c (cyt c), bovine serum albumin (BSA), yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), Complete Freunds Adjuvant (CFA) and Incomplete Freunds Adjuvant (IFA) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). 

Jongwon C, Keun H, Suk-Hwan K, Kyung-Tae L, Hyeong-Kyu L. Hee-Juhn P. Kalopanaxsaponin A from Kalopanax pictus, a potent antioxidant in the rheumatoidal rat treated with Freund s complete adjuvant reagent. J Ethnopharmacol 2002 79 113-118. 

Fig. 15 Induction of cellular immunity by subcutaneous immunization with OVA-encapsulating y-PGA-Phe nanoparticles. Mice were subcutaneously immunized one time with OVA alone (10 pg), 10 pg of OVA and 100 pg of NPs (OVA-NPs), 10 pg of OVA and 100 pL of complete Freund s adjuvant (OVA + CFA), or PBS (control). Splenocytes were obtained from the immunized mice on day 10 after the immunization and stimulated with the OVA peptide. The number of IFN-y-producing cells was measured by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. SFU spot forming units...

A corollary to the use of cBSA as a carrier protein is that its increased immune response often abrogates the use of complete Freund s adjuvant, which is a source of concern because of its potential side-effects in animals. A relatively innocuous mixture with alum is usually all that is required as adjuvant to result in good antibody production. 

The adjuvanticity of oil emulsions was first recognized in the early 1900s. However, the first such product to gain widespread attention was Freund s complete adjuvant (FCA), developed in 1937. This product essentially contained a mixture of paraffin (i.e. mineral) oil with dead mycobacteria, formulated to form a water-in-oil emulsion. Arlacel A (mannide mono-oleate) is usually added as an emulsifier. 

Adjuvant therapy is administered after complete tumor resection to eliminate residual local or metastatic microscopic disease. 

FIGURE 7.7 (See color insert) Adoptively transferred D011.10 transgenicT cells can be identified by expression of CD4+ and KJ-126 in spleen cell suspension from Balb/c mice after ovalbumin (OVA) immunization. Balb/c mice were injected iv with D011.10 spleen cells containing 3-5 x 1 06CD4+KJ-126+ cells and immunized by intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg OVA emulsified in complete Freund s adjuvant 2 days later. OVA immunization increases the frequency of KJ+T cells and alters the expression of various surface molecules consistent with T cell (Tc) activation. 

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