Granuloma, granulomatous

Testes from the males examined 43 days after the 8-D treatment appeared normal. However, the epididymis was involved in an inflammatory process with sperm granulomas formation. The granulomatous epididymal lesion resembled the lesion seen in auto-immune reaction following bacterial infections or tissue response to foreign bodies (16, 17,... 

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by the deposition of noncaseating granulomas surroimded by lymphocytes. The infiltrative optic neuropathy in sarcoidosis may be the first and only ocular sign or may occur in conjunction with other ocular manifestations of sarcoidosis such as uveitis, candle-wax drippings (exudates around the retinal vessels), and choroidal granulomas. Optic disc edema... 

Sarcoidosis is a primary multisystemic, granulomatous disease of (still) unknown aetiology with enhanced immunity at the site of manifestation. The lungs and the intrathoracic lymph nodes are nearly always affected. In many cases, the extrathoracic organs are involved as well. Sarcoidosis is characterized by the presence of epithelioid cell granulomas, which do not show caseous changes. 

There have been reports of disseminated BCG infection in children with chronic granulomatous disease which can result in prolonged and relapsing local complications to BCG immunization (75-77). In a series of autopsies, 26 of 36 children who had been given BCG shortly after birth showed tuberculoid granulomas at various sites. None of the infants had histological evidence of immune deficiency (SEDA-8, 301) (78). 

Granuloma gluteale adultorum is a rare skin condition of unknown etiology, characterized by reddish purple granulomatous nodules on the gluteal surfaces and groin areas. 

An exudative granulomatous reaction started 2 days after the injection of hyaluronic acid (Hylaform) (dose not stated) for perioral wrinkles (7). The eczematous papular skin changes disappeared completely within 6 weeks, and could be provoked by intracutaneous testing with Hylaform (dose not stated). Histological examination showed a foreign body granuloma. 

Granulomatous dermatitis with disseminated pruritic papules and histological features resembling those of sarcoid granulomas has been described in a 57-year-old man who received interferon beta-lb (58). The first lesions were observed after 2 months of treatment, persisted for 2 years, and slowly improved after interferon beta withdrawal and treatment with hydroxychloroquine PUVA. 

Foreign body giant cell granulomas were first reported after liquid silicone injection in 1965 (14) and are usually observed near siUcone-injected areas (15). There have been many reports of cysts and granulomatous reactions to silicone at application sites and distal sites after hematogenous or lymphatic migration (15-17). 

Topical zirconium can cause hypersensitivity granulomas in sensitized persons, which has led to the removal of zirconium salts from antiperspirants (SEDA-22, 242). Complexes of zirconium and aluminum are non-sensitizing and are still commonly used as active ingredients in topical antiperspirants. However, a granulomatous reaction to this material has been reported (1). 

An exception seems to be the hypercalcemia that occurs in some patients with chronic granulomatous diseases, such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and silicosis. The observed increase in circulating l,25-(OH)2D is presumably due to the increased 25-(OH)D-la -hydroxylase activity found in the inflammatory cells in the granulomas. The hydroxylase activity does not appear to be under the usual tight feedback control by serum calcium levels. 

HEALTH SYMPTOMS inhalation (cough, rhinitis, dyspnea, vomiting, cumulative lung damage) eye contact (induces granulomas in and about the eye, conjunctival inflammation) skin contact (can induce severe granulomatous reaction when introduced into wounds). 

The role of chemokines in granulomatous disease of the pleura has been extensively studied in mberculous pleurisy (16,25-28). Tuberculous pleural fluids contain a significant proportion of mononuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes that are responsible for the initiation of the granulomatous inflammatory response and the localization of mycobacteria into granulomas (16,29,30). 

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