Glycols carboxylic acid esters

Sodium hydroxide/ethylene glycol Carboxylic acid esters from carboxylic acids and halides... 

Other recent reports have also indicated that mixed-metal systems, particularly those containing combinations of ruthenium and rhodium complexes, can provide effective catalysts for the production of ethylene glycol or its carboxylic acid esters (5 9). However, the systems described in this paper are the first in which it has been demonstrated that composite ruthenium-rhodium catalysts, in which rhodium comprises only a minor proportion of the total metallic component, can match, in terms of both activity and selectivity, the previously documented behavior (J ) of mono-metallic rhodium catalysts containing significantly higher concentrations of rhodium. Some details of the chemistry of these bimetallic promoted catalysts are described here. 

Unsaturated polyesters having hydroxyl groups can be prepared by the reaction of glycols, maleic anhydride and dicarboxylic acids in more than the stoichiometric amount of glycols/carboxylic acids (13, 34). Edwards discussed the application of isophthalic unsaturated polyester urethane hybrids in conventional molding techniques (13). He also applied the hybrids to foamed products (21). Vinyl esters can be prepared by the reaction of bisphenol A with glycidyl methacrylate (21). 

Ester hydrolysis is most conveniently used because (1) its reaction mechanism is well established, and (2) both substrate and transition state analogs are easy to obtain. In Fig. 8.8b, phosphonic acid (2) is used as a transition state analog of the hydrolysis of substrate 3 [26]. A vinyl monomer of amidine 1 is chosen as a functional monomer because it readily forms stable complexes with the carboxylic acid ester and the phosphonic acid monoester. The imprinted polymers are synthesized in THF from 1 (the monomer), 2 (the template), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (the cross-linker) by using AIBN as the radical initiator. 

Synonyms Acetic acid 2-ethoxyethyl ester Cellosolve acetate EEA 2-EEA EGA Ethoxy acetate 2-Ethoxyethanol acetate Ethoxyethyl acetate 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate 3-Ethoxyethyl acetate Ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate Ethyl glycol acetate Glycol monoethyl ether acetate Oxytol acetate Classification Carboxylic acid ester Definition Ester of ethoxyethanol and acetic acid Empirical CeFlizOs Formula CH2COOCH2CH2OCH2CH,... 

Classification Carboxylic acid ester Definition Ester of isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid Empirical C7H14O2 Formula CH3COOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2 Properties Colorless liq., pear- or banana-like odor and taste si. sol. in water misc. with alcohol, ether, ethyl acetate, fixed oils insol. in glycerin, propylene glycol m.w. 130.21 sp.gr. 0.876 (20 C) m.p. -78.5 C b.p. 142 C flash pt. (CC) 25 C ref. index 1.400... 

NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS Polyoxyethylenated alkylphenols, alkylphenol ethoxylates Polyoxyethylenated straight- chain alcohols, alcohol ethoxylates Polyoxyethylenated polyoxypropylene glycols Polyoxyethylenated mercaptans Long-chain carboxylic acid esters Alkanolamine condensates, alkanolamides Tertiary acetylenic glycols Polyoxyethylenated silicones N-alkylpyrrolidones Alkylpolyglycosides... 

Ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate (2-ethoxy-1,3-dioxo-indan-2-carboxylic acid ester). A plasticizer compatible with PVC and most common thermoplastics. It has been approved by the FDA for use in food packaging. 

Aldehydes from carboxylic acid esters via acyloins and glycols—Unsatd. aldehydes s. 16, 108 COOR CHO... 

Aldehydes from carboxylic acid esters via acyloins and glycols... 

Ester interchange reactions are valuable, since, say, methyl esters of di-carboxylic acids are often more soluble and easier to purify than the diacid itself. The methanol by-product is easily removed by evaporation. Poly (ethylene terephthalate) is an example of a polymer prepared by double application of reaction 4 in Table 5.3. The first stage of the reaction is conducted at temperatures below 200°C and involves the interchange of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol... 

Sorbitan esters of fatty acids are well known. Similar products can be made from ether carboxylic acids and sorbitol without an acid catalyst with a good color [39]. The advantage of these products is that the hydrophilicity can be adjusted by the polyethylene glycol content in the ether carboxylic acid. 

The mechanism of oxidation probably involves in most cases the initial formation of a glycol (15-35) or cyclic ester,and then further oxidation as in 19-7. In line with the electrophilic attack on the alkene, triple-bonds are more resistant to oxidation than double bonds. Terminal triple-bond compounds can be cleaved to carboxylic acids (RC=CHRCOOH) with thallium(III) nitrate or with [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]pentafluorobenzene, that is, C6F5l(OCOCF3)2, among other reagents. 

Hunt et al. [354] used cSFC for the separation of extracts of poly(alkylene glycol) lubricants and sorbitan ester formulations. Doehl et al. [337] have compared the performance of cSFC-FID and pSFC-FID with both scC02 and scN20 in the analysis of the antiblocking agents oleamide and erucamide, the antistatic Armostat 400 and antioxidant Hostanox SE-10, none of which can be detected by UV absorption. By using open-tubular capillary columns, PAs as well as (un)substituted heavy carboxylic acids (> C ) can be eluted. 

In addition to the natural waxes, a number of synthetic waxes were analysed with GALDI-MS carboxylic acids (Hoechst wax-L, -S), esters (Hoechst wax-FL, -H, -O), and glycol esters (Hoechst wax-KP, -KPS). In most cases, significant mass spectra were obtained. The mass spectrum of polyethylene glycol (Carbowax 6000) showed a series of signals the spacing of m/z 44 between the signals corresponds to one oxyethylene unit. 

Reactions in solvents other than carboxylic acids (e.g., ethers, alcohols, esters, hydrocarbons, etc.) under conditions given in Table I do not produce detectable amounts of ethylene glycol (less than about 0.02 mmole). (Experiments were carried out to demonstrate that glycol would survive had it been produced in some of these solvents.) However, methanol yields nearly equivalent to those obtained in acetic acid are found in some of these solvents (cf. reactions 1, 10 and 11 in Table I). Reactions in acetic acid diluted with these solvents also give... 

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