Glycol esters and ethers

Glycol Esters and Ethers. See under ETHYLENEGLYCOL AND DERIVATIVES in this vol, pp E247ff... 

Uses Stabilizer in chlorinated solvents for metal cleaning and degreasing prod, of butanediols, glycol esters and ethers prep, of suractants and gasoline additives intermediate acid scavenger for chlorinated compds. 

A wide variety of plasticizers are suitable for PVB and PVF resins. For many years, the universally used plasticizer for PVB was triethylene glycol di(2-ethylbutyrate) [95-08-9] (6). More recently this has been supplanted by triethylene glycol di(2-ethylhexanoate) [94-28-0], tetraethylene glycol diheptanoate [70729-68-9], dihexyl adipate [110-33-8], 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate [1241-94-7], and a variety of other oligomeric ethylene glycol esters and ethers, and other adipate, phosphate, phthalate, sebacate, and ricinoleate esters (19,20,57-62). For PVF, diethyl, diphenyl, and dicyclohexyl phthalates, as well as tributyl, triphenyl, and tricresyl phosphates are useful plasticizers (21). By proper choice of plasticizer type and level, the physical-mechanical, chemical, and adhesion properties of these resins can be tailored for a wide variety of applications (see Plasticizers). 

CH3 CH0H CH20H, a colourless, almost odourless liquid. It has a sweet taste, but is more acrid than ethylene glycol b.p. 187. Manufactured by heating propylene chlorohydrin with a solution of NaHCO under pressure. It closely resembles dihydroxyethane in its properties, but is less toxic. Forms mono-and di-esters and ethers. Used as an anti-freeze and in the preparation of perfumes and flavouring extracts, as a solvent and in... 

Commercial lecithin is insoluble but infinitely dispersible in water. Treatment with water dissolves small amounts of its decomposition products and adsorbed or coacervated substances, eg, carbohydrates and salts, especially in the presence of ethanol. However, a small percentage of water dissolves or disperses in melted lecithin to form an imbibition. Lecithin forms imbibitions or absorbates with other solvents, eg, alcohols, glycols, esters, ketones, ethers, solutions of almost any organic and inorganic substance, and acetone. It is remarkable that the classic precipitant for phosphoHpids, eg, acetone, dissolves in melted lecithin readily to form a thin, uniform imbibition. Imbibition often is used to bring a reactant in intimate contact with lecithin in the preparation of lecithin derivatives. 

The solvents most commonly employed are water, ethyl and methyl alcohol, ether, benzene, petroleum ether, acetone, glacial acetic acid also two or three solvents may be mixed to get the desired effect as described later. If you still cannot dissolve the compound, try some of these chloroform, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, pyridine, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid (acids are usually diluted first), nitrobenzene, aniline, phenol, dioxan, ethylene dichloride, di, tri, tetrachloroethylene, tetrachloroethane, dichloroethyl ether, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, tetralin, decalin, triacetin, ethylene glycol and its esters and ethers, butyl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, ethyl lactate, isopropyl ether, etc. 

So, at the beginning of the 25-year period here commemorated, alcohols, glycols, aldehydes, and ketones, chlorinated hydrocarbons, esters, and ethers—all so vital in their direct uses or as chemical building blocks—were beginning to be produced by synthesis from hydrocarbons provided by the already well-grown petroleum and natural gas industries. Subsequent developments came in rapid succession, with remarkably little in-... 

Esters and ethers based on poly(tetramethylene glycol) and propylene oxide or a combination of propylene and ethylene oxides commonly are used in reactive processing. The chemistry of leading to polyurethane formation, has been analyzed in many publications 15 7 however, the practical problems of processing real initial oligomers and molding compounds based on them into articles for different applications have received less attention. 

The glycols form well characterized esters and ethers in which one, or both, hydroxyl groups may be affected, thus yielding mixed compounds, i.e., alcohols and esters or ethers combined, also di-esters and di-ethers. 

PPG [Polypropylene Glycol] Abbreviated to the acronym PPG by the International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient. Polypropylene glycol polymers are named as PPG-x , where x is the average number of propylene oxide (CjHgO) monomer units (e.g., PPG-10). Esters and ethers of polypropylene glycol polymers are named as PPG derivatives (e.g., PPG-10 stearate, PPG-10 lauryl ether). These compounds are generally used as emollients, emulsifiers, humectants, or surfactants. 

Lexemul . [Inolex] Glyceryl or glycol esters or ethers emulsifier, st ilizer, thickener, opacifier, emollient used in cosmetics and u cal pharmaceuticals. 

Preservation of artifacts with poly(alkylene glycol)s and their esters and ethers was first patented by Mo och Domsjo AB (4). The patent document, naming Moren and Centerwall as inventors of the method, was dated the September 30, 1953, to be sealed as of the 10th of October 1952 (4). 

Over many years, nonionic surfactants have become more and more important in the pharmaceutical held because of their ability to solubilize poorly soluble substances and their low toxicity (36). The principal group.s used in this domain are polyol derivatives, polyoxyethylene esters and ethers, and poloxamers. but other surfactants are also included in this classification, such as nonyiphenyl ethers, polyvinyl alcohol, propylene glycol diacetate, or alkanolamides. 

Ethylene glycol monoacetate is a colorless, odorless liquid and is structurally a primary alcohol and an ester. It is made by combining a dihydric alcohol and a manocarbaxylic acid. It will mix completely with water and many of the lacquer solvents. Ethylene glycol manoocetate will dissolve cellulose esters and ethers and many of the resins. 

Glycol diocetote is a colorless liquid having a foint odor resembling that of ethyl acetate. It will dissolve a wide range of cellulose esters, camphor, dammar, ester gum, elemi, mastic, rosin and sandarac. When it is mixed with active solvents its range of solubility is increased far a wide variety of cellulose esters and ethers and for natural and synthetic resins. 

U.S. production of w-butanol has increased to 600 kt per annum, largely for conversion to unsaturated esters and saturated ester and ether solvents, while 2-ethylhexanol (about 300 kt per annum in the U.S., but much higher in Europe with exports at 250 kt per annum) is used mainly for the phthalate ester as a plasticizer for PVC. The n- and iso-butyraldehydes are also subjected to aldol condensation/crossed Cannizzaro reactions with formaldehyde, to give the polyols trimethylol-propane (2, 2-bishydroxymethyl-l-butanol) and neopentyl glycol (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol). 

Perkin showed that sodium evolves hydrogen from lactic ester, and ethereal compounds are formed, with evolution of hydrogen chloride, when glycollic and lactic acids are treated with acetyl or succinyl chloride. Berthelof proposed to call such acids alcools-acides or corps a fonctions mixtes , recognising also alcools-aldehydes , aldehydes-acides , and alcalis-acides . 

Porapak R Esters and ethers, nitriles, and nitro compounds Glycols and amines... 

Ullmann and co-workers [95] have worked extensively on the TLC of polyethylene glycols. They showed that these compounds of molecular weight between 200 and 6000 can be separated on silica gel G layers with the solvent chloroform-methanol-water (6 + 50 + 24). In later work [96], the same authors showed that the surface-active polyethylene glycol derivatives (esters and ethers) could also be separated on silica... 

The IR spectra of PEO in the liquid state or in solution may be interpreted by comparing them with the assigned bands in the vibrational spectra of crystalline PEO [20, 26, 27] and structurally related compounds such as 1,2-dichlorethane, [19, 21-23]. ethylene chlorohydrin [30], metal-ethylenediamine complexes [31, 32] ester and ether derivative of ethylene glycol [33], crystalline polyesters [34], and metal-ethylene glycol complexes [35]. 

Diester/Ether Diol of Tetrabromophthalic Anhydride. This material [77098-07-8] is prepared from TBPA in a two-step reaction. First TBPA reacts with diethylene glycol to produce an acid ester. The acid ester and propylene oxide then react to give a diester. The final product, a triol having two primary and one secondary hydroxyl group, is used exclusively as a flame retardant for rigid polyurethane foam (53,54). 

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