Glycol chitosan

Cationic hydrophilic Glycol chitosan, DEAE-dextran, poly(ethyleneimine), poly(trimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) iodide salt 0.5 M acetic acid with 0.3 M NaiSO, or 0.8 M NaNO.,... 

The nasal tissue is highly vascularized and provides efficient systemic absorption. Compared with oral or subcutaneous administration, nasal administration enhances bioavailability and improves safety and efficacy. Chitosan enhances the absorption of proteins and peptide drugs across nasal and intestinal epithelia. Gogev et al. demonstrated that the soluble formulation of glycol chitosan has potential usefulness as an intranasal adjuvant for recombinant viral vector vaccines in cattle [276]. 

Park JH, Kwona S, Nam JO et al (2004) Self-assembled nanoparticles based on glycol chitosan bearing 5h-cholanic acid for RGD peptide delivery. J Control Release 95 579-588... 

Alginate/ Polyvinylsulfate Glycol-Chitosan Quaternary/ Calcium Chloride Complex is formed between both alginate and polyvinylsulfate and chitosan alginate is the precasting polymer. 26... 

Jiang H-L, Kwon J-T, Kim E-M et al (2008) Galactosylated poly(ethylene glycol)-chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine as a gene carrier for hepatocyte-targeting. J Control Release 131 (2) 150-157... 

Fig. 24. X-ray photoelectron spectrum of EVA-DAS film grafted with glycol chitosan...

Fig. 9 a, b. Complex formation of polyelectrolytes with rigid polymer chains such as polysaccharides. (a) pH Dependence of the composition of the complex. (1) Theoretical values assuming stoichiometry (2) Experimental values (b) Schematic representation of a ladder-like complex structure of one part of SCS and two parts of GC SCS = Sulfated cellulose, GC = glycol chitosan... 

Ioplex = poly(sodium styrenesulfonate)-poly(4-vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride) (0.5 0.5), PAA = poly(acrylic add), PEPP = polyethylenepiperazine, PMAEM = poly(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), GC = glycol chitosan, CSC = chondroitin sulfate, Hep = heparin,... 

Mercaptoethanol Methyl glycol chitosan 4-Methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride A-Methylisatoic anhydride... 

Hydrophobically modified polymers can associate in aqueous media to form micelle-like structures above their critical association concentrations (CACs). The nanosized self-aggregates were prepared using modified natural polysaccharides such as pullulan, curdlan, and glycol chitosan. The modified polysaccharides provide excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, low immunogenicity, and biological activities. 

Kubota N, Ohga K, Moriguchi M. Permeability properties of glycol chitosan membrane modified with thiol groups. ] Appl Polym Sci 1991 42 495-501. 

Seo, S.B. Park, C.R. Jeong, S.Y. Biodistribution and anti-tumor efficacy of doxorubicin loaded glycol-chitosan nanoaggregates by EPR effect. J. Control. Release 2003, 91, 135-145. 

Kwon, S. Park, J.H. Chung, H. Kwon, I.C. Jeong, S.Y. Kim, I.S. Physicochemcial characteristics of self-assembled nanoparticles based on glycol chitosan bearing 5beta-cholanic acid. Langmuir 2003, 19, 10,188-10,193. 

Palmitoyl glycol chitosan Controlled drug delivery... 

Hyung Park J, Kwon S, Lee M (2006). Self-assembled nanoparticles based on glycol chitosan bearing hydrophobic moieties as carriers for doxorubicin In vivo biodistribution and anti-tumor activity. Biomaterials. 27 119-126. 

Steroid derivatives were also employed as natural compounds able to confer amphiphilic properties to chitosan. Several examples of grafting of 5p-cholanic acid [72-75] and cholesterol [76] onto 0-glycol-chitosan are reported in the literature (Fig. 5). For steroids, the strategy relies on the activation of the carboxylic acid by iV-hydrosuccinimide in order to favor the grafting efficiency on the primary amine of glycol chitosan, mediated by EDC. 

Fig. 5 Grafting of cholanic acid onto O-glycol chitosan...

Hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan (HGC) with 5p cholanic acid has been extensively studied both in vitro and in vivo. This polymer was developed as a new Cremophor EL-free alternative carrier systems for docetaxel [74] and paclitaxel. Physical characteristics of the nanoparticules such as size, hydrophobic core, and stability depend on the degree of 5-p cholanic acid substitution. The maximum loading content of paclitaxel into HGC nanoparticles was 10 wt% and the loading efficiency was above 90% [120]. Cytotoxicity studies on MCF7 breast cancer cells showed that HGC nanoparticles were less toxic than Cremophor EL, and allowed a higher dose of paclitaxel administration. The survival rate of mice that received 50 mg/kg paclitaxel in HGC nanoparticles increased substantially compared to 20 mg/kg PTX in Cremophor EL-ethanol solutions [120]. 

Park K, Kim JH et al (2007) Effect of polymer molecular weight on the tumor targeting characteristics of self-assembled glycol chitosan nanoparticles. J Control Release 122 305-314... 

Kim JH, Kim YS et al (2008) Antitumor efficacy of cisplatin-loaded glycol chitosan nanoparticles in tumor-bearing mice. J Control Release 127 41 9... 

Hwang HY, Kim IS et al (2008) Tumor targetability and antitumor effect of docetaxel-loaded hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan nanoparticles. J Control Release 128 23-31... 

Yu JM, Li YH et al (2008) Self-aggregated nanoparticles of cholesterol-modified glycol chitosan conjugate Preparation, characterization, and preliminary assessment as a new drug delivery carrier. Eur Polym J 44 555-565... 

Saravanakumar G, Min KH et al (2009) Hydrotropic oligomer-conjugated glycol chitosan as a carrier of paclitaxel Synthesis, characterization, and in vivo biodistribution. J Control Release 140 210-217... 

Kim J-H, Kim Y-S et al (2006) Hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan nanoparticles as carriers for paclitaxel. J Control Release 111 228-234... 

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