Global planning, effective

We are at the start of the Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety following from the UN Declaration and the 4th Road Safety Action Programme adopted by the European Commission for the years 2011 2020. To ensure an effective and efficient road safety policy we need tools to help with strategic decisions. Long-term strategic road safety and road infrastructure programmes and plans rely on road safety forecasts and assessments of the current situation and how it will evolve over extended periods of time (10, 20 or even 30 years). 

Table 2 lists the distribution of HIV/AIDS in various regions of the world. The heavy infection level in sub-Saharan Africa is the result of several factors. First, the disease probably originated there. The oldest HIV sample came from the Republic of the Congo in 1959, but most researchers believe AIDS had been killing people many decades before then. Second, most of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa are underdeveloped and have lacked the resources to fight the disease or implement effective prevention plans. This region of the world now has 70% of the global total of HIV-infected people but only 10% of the world s... 

Cause-effect-relations of these dynamics in the value chain may still be obvious, when operating a simple value chain comprising few products, locations and production steps. Considering the global multi-stage, multilocation value chain network, price changes in raw materials cannot directly be related to intermediate or even sales products and their prices. This problem requires specific planning models and methods. 

The rapid movement in the global phthalates market away from using plasticisers 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in favour of alternative products was underscored recently when BASF revealed plans to close its 2-EH and DEHP plants in Germany. The restructuring in Europe will have no effect on BASF s plasticiser portfolio in Nafta and Asia, however, where the company will continue to offer 2-EH and DEHP. About 70% of the plasticiser maiket volume is phthalates, and plasticisers make up about 60% of the plastic additives maiket. PVC accounts for 80-90% of global plasticiser consumption. In October 2003, California added DEHP to the state s list of more than 750 chemicals known to cause birth defects or reproductive harm. Previous studies had shown that the chemical can leach from plastic bags that contain intravenous fluids, blood, tube feedings or other medical treatment, and thereby enter the bodies of patients. 

Because of these changes, many multinational pharmaceutical companies include the Japanese market into their global development and marketing strategies. It is important to understand, however, that there are still many oddities for conducting clinical trial in Japan. Many of these are due to the difference in medical practice and/or attitude of the Japanese people towards effects and side effects of medicinal products, which may not harmonise with the West in a short period of time. Therefore, it is important to conduct a careful feasibility study before commencing clinical trials in Japan if global development is planned. 

Atmospheric chemists and other scientists who have focused on pollution and global climate change have much to contribute to national security and homeland defense. These scientists have developed computational methods to accurately model and in many cases predict the transport of pollutants and particles in air or water. These same tools can be used to predict the effect of release of a chemical agent in an urban area so that appropriate emergency response plans can be developed. 

GEF (2007b) China - strengthening institutions, regulations and enforcement capacities for effective and efficient implementation of the National Implementation Plan (NIP). China Global... 

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