Glean

As an indication of the types of infonnation gleaned from all-electron methods, we focus on one recent approach, the FLAPW method. It has been used to detennine the band stmcture and optical properties over a wide energy range for a variety of crystal stmctures and chemical compositions ranging from elementary metals [ ] to complex oxides [M], layered dichalcogenides [, and nanoporous semiconductors The k p fonnulation has also enabled calculation of the complex band stmcture of the A1 (100) surface... 

GLEAN Cleans used arrays at the end of each segment and prepares them to be used by the next component of the program. 

Groundwater monitoring is a necessary component in any investigation of subsurface contamination. A wide variety of information can be gleaned from the data including groundwater velocity and direction, and contaminant identification and concentration. These data can be combined with other observations to infer various characteristics of the contamination. Examples are source and timing of the release, and future location of the contaminant plume. 

Glean Water Act. The Water QuaUty Act of 1987 and Clean Water Act of 1977 amended the Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, and are known collectively as the Clean Water Act (CWA). Their objective is to restore and maintain the integrity of U.S. waters. There are spill prevention, control, and containment requirements with which to comply. It requires replacement of older storage tanks or installation of double bottoms or seals. 

Immersion Gleaning. The simplest method for using an alkaline cleaner is by immersion. A part is placed on a hook or rack and immersed ia the cleaner solution so that all of the part is below the Hquid level. A typical concentration, temperature, and process time for an immersion cleaner would be ca 75 g/L at 77°C for 5 min. In addition to being the simplest method, immersion is also among the least expensive in terms of equipment. Only a vessel to contain the cleaning solution and a means of heating the solution are needed. 

Solvent Gleaning. Solvent cleaning employs the natural solubilizing properties of various nonaqueous solvents or blends of solvents. Either 100% solvents or aqueous emulsions of solvents can be used. AppHcation is typically by immersion, hand appHcation, or via a vapor degreaser machine. 

Gleaning Systems. Both manual and automatic methods are used for cleaning food processing (qv) equipment. 

The Natural Reactor. Some two biUion years ago, uranium had a much higher (ca 3%) fraction of U than that of modem times (0.7%). There is a difference in half-hves of the two principal uranium isotopes, U having a half-life of 7.08 x 10 yr and U 4.43 x 10 yr. A natural reactor existed, long before the dinosaurs were extinct and before humans appeared on the earth, in the African state of Gabon, near Oklo. Conditions were favorable for a neutron chain reaction involving only uranium and water. Evidence that this process continued intermittently over thousands of years is provided by concentration measurements of fission products and plutonium isotopes. Usehil information about retention or migration of radioactive wastes can be gleaned from studies of this natural reactor and its products (12). 

Mechanical Gleaning. A cleaner is a hydrocyclone device utilizing fluid pressure to create rotational fluid motion (20). Pulp is introduced tangentially near the top of the cleaner. Contaminants denser than water such as chemically treated toner inks and sand migrate toward the outer wall of the cleaner and exit in a separate (reject) stream. For most forward cleaners, optimal ink removal efficiency is obtained at a pulp consistency of 0.2—0.3%. Most forward cleaners deinking efficiency declines at pulp feed consistencies greater than 0.4%. However, a cleaner said to be efficient at 1.2% pulp consistency has been reported (39). 

Glean Air Act as Amended in 1990. The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 represent a mote recent effort by the U.S. Congress to address clean air concerns. The first Clean Air Act, passed ia 1967, provided authority to estabUsh air quaUty standards. Further legislation passed ia 1970, 1974, and 1977 extended and modified the original act. The seven tides of the 1990 Act not only extended previous measures, but also broke new conceptual ground. 

Glean-Up Solvent. Dimethyl sulfoxide is used to remove urethane polymers and other difficult-to-solvate materials from processing equipment. 

Gleaning. Fouling films are removed from the membrane surface by chemical and mechanical methods. Chemicals and procedures vary with the process, membrane type, system configuration, and materials of constmction. The equipment manufacturer recommends cleaning methods for specific apphcations. A system is considered clean when it has returned to >75% of its original water flux. 

Gleaning. Cocoa beans are imported in the United States in 70-kg bags. The beans can be processed almost immediately or stored for later use. They are usually fumigated prior to storage. 

Standards for Gleaned Steel Surfaces. The most important standards (4) used to specify and evaluate cleaned steel surfaces are summari2ed in Table 2 in order of increasing cost. Photographic standards consistent with the written standards in Table 2 are also available (5). 

Other Gleaning Methods. Solvent cleaning, ie, degreasing, is chiefly used to remove grease and oil. Solvent is appHed to rags which are replaced when they become contaminated. The final rinse is always made using fresh solvent. Individual ship components can be solvent-cleaned by dipping in tanks of solvent. 

The Copyright Act specifies that copyright extends to "original works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression, now known or later developed, from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either dkecdy or with the aid of a machine or device" (3). Many of the requkements for copyrightabiUty may be gleaned from this provision. 

Gleaning Methods. The soils encountered in electroplating processes can be organic, eg, oils, greases, and other cleaning compounds, and... 

One topic of discussion is the measurements to which the operators pay the most attention (their foci). Of the myriad of measurements, there is a limited set that they find most important. These are the measurements that they use to make the short-cycle decisions. The important points to glean are the reasons they focus on these, the values and trends that they expect, and their responses to the deviations from these. 

Sales literature provided by Dresser-Rand Company, Glean, New York, 2000. 

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