Groundwater, monitoring

Groundwater monitoring is a necessary component in any investigation of subsurface contamination. A wide variety of information can be gleaned from the data including groundwater velocity and direction, and contaminant identification and concentration. These data can be combined with other observations to infer various characteristics of the contamination. Examples are source and timing of the release, and future location of the contaminant plume. 

Calculation of the dow in the saturated portion of the subsurface is generally much easier than that in the unsaturated zone. However, calculation of dow in either requires a fundamental understanding of groundwater pressure and energy. 

The energy state of soil water can be defined with respect to the Bernoulli equation, neglecting thermal and osmotic energy as 

When the energy terms are expressed as energy per unit weight, the term head is often used. Therefore, the total head, h, is equal to the elevation 

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (4th Edition) 

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Groundwater monitoring study (small-scale prospective)... 

Gangoli, S. (ed.) (1999) The Dictionary of Substances and their Effects (DOSE), Royal Society of Chemistry, London. Gibbons, R. (1994) Statistical Methods for Groundwater Monitoring, Wiley. 

Brenoel, M. and R.A. Brown. Remediation of a Leaking Underground Storage Tank with Enhanced Bioreclamation. In Proc. 5th National Symposium and Exposition on Aquifer Restoration and Groundwater Monitoring, National Water Well Association, Worthington, Ohio, 1985. pp. 527. 

Nyer, E.K. Innovative Biological Treatment of Contaminated Groundwater. In First National Outdoor Action Conference on Aquifer Restoration, Groundwater Monitoring, and Geophysical Methods, May, 1987. 

Provides manifest tracking, permit tracking, source inventory, environmental events, TSCA required data management, waste disposal costs, and groundwater monitoring. 

A data management package which tracks the One Overlocker Road data associated with a groundwater monitoring Poughkeepsie, NY 12603 network. The system quantifies and identifies... 

A single monitoring well can be designed to accommodate all of these uses and wells are usually designed to collect only those data required by the groundwater monitoring plan. 

Unconsolidated or weakly consolidated sediments sometimes collapse around the well screen before the filter pack can be installed. This phenomenon is called formation collapse . Formation collapse can occur as a result of the inherently unstable nature of certain sediments or the disruptive nature of the drilling process. Formation collapse is most common below the water table. Although steps can be taken to minimize the amount of collapse, it may not be entirely preventable. The groundwater monitoring plan may need to accept natural formation material as the filter pack for some or all of the screen section. Well development activities (see Section 2.1.6) can be designed to maximize the effectiveness of the formation collapse materials as a filter pack. 

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