GERMANY,MINISTRY ENVIRONMENT

The Blue Angel is a German eco-label for products and services [7]. The eco-label was introduced in 1978 and was one of the first worldwide environmental labels. The Blue Angel is an official label since it is owned by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in Germany. The award criteria are established by the Federal Environmental Agency in Germany with the support of scientific institutes and the industry. 

BMU (Bundesministerium fur Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit) (2002). Fachtagung geothermische Stromerzeugung - eine Investition in die Zukunft, 20-21 June 2002, Landau/Pfalz, Germany German Ministry for Environment. 

DLR/WI/ZSW/IWR/Forum (1999). Klimaschutz durch Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien. Germany German Ministry for Environment. 

Quass U, Kuhlbusch T, Koch M (2004) Identification of source groups for fine dust. Public report to the Environment Ministry of North Rhine Westphalia, Germany. IUTA-Report LP15/2004, p 12... 

Germany does not have an official chemicals policy, nor is a chemicals policy available from any of the Ministries. The only publicly available document specifically relating to national chemicals policy is a report on the Precautionary Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Chemicals produced by the Federal Environment Agency (UBA). The UBA report does not appear to receive strong support from the ministries as it fails to appear on the Ministry for the Environment s website, although an interviewee stated that the UBA has to receive permission prior to any official publication. It is not unusual for the Ministry for Environment and the UBA to form separate environmental policy [370]. Neither is it uncommon for the UBA staff to publicly criticise the concepts put forward by the ministry [370]. 

Environmental policy and reports federal Environment Ministry (BMU, Germany) http //www.bmu.de/... 

Management in Germany, Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Bonn. 

IKP University of Stuttgart (1999) Resource saving in the production of polymer materials, funded by the Ministry of Environment Germany... 

There is no easy solution to such problems and they also exist in the Western European Countries as well. What the Ministries of Environment can do is to allocate greater funding for research based on monitoring data (as in Germany, for example). The environmental data have to be easier accessible for research, than they presently are (for example in Bulgaria). 

National emission balance of heavy metals in the Czech Republic includes the emissions of cadmium, lead and mercury from all major pollution sources, for which the emission factors were available in the Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook, published in other countries (Austria, Germany, Poland, Slovakia) or calculated from experimental measurements of projects of the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic. The results of the cadmium emission balance in the Czech Republic in 1992 are presented in Table 2. The authors assume that the amount of emissions from the sources not included in this inventory do not exceed 5-10% of the total emissions (Fiala et al., 1998). 

Combustion Plant Directive and German air pollution standards. The Czech ministry of the environment argued that this approach was suitable for the country as it strived for technological excellence similar to that of Germany, and sought a rapid and effective solution to the air pollution problem (Andonova 2004). 

Land Institute, Forest damage in Federal Republic of Germany LIS Report 28, Land Institute for Pollution Control of the Land N.Rhine Westphalia, Essen, 1982. Warren Spring Laboratory, Reports LR397, LR400, LR401. Ministry of the Environment, La Pollution de I Air en France en 1979. 

Until 1992, political pressures had restricted trial releases of GMOs in Germany. For the Deliberate Release Directive, the control is at a central level with the Federal Health Ministry acting as the main competent authority for handling release notifications. The Federal Environment Office and the Federal Biological Office also cooperate. 

Denmark does not operate an advisory committee of experts such as those found in the UK, France, Germany and the Netherlands, but obtains all its advice from Ministry of Environment officials. Denmark s system of law allowed it to be the only Member State to have reasonably claimed to have fully implemented both the CUD and DRD on 23 October 1991. 

The licensing and supervision of nuclear installations in Germany is the responsibility of the Federal States (Lander) who are subject of expediency supervision of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB). 

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