Gasoline, petroleum-ether, kerosene

Mixtures constitute a category of solvents produced by distillation and cracking of petroleum. The group includes gasoline, petroleum ether, rubber solvent, petroleum naphtha, mineral spirits, white spirits, Stoddard solvent, kerosene, and jet fuels (Lilis 1992). Gasolines are mixtures of alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and antiknock additives. 

No systemic toxicity, low viscosity Gasoline, kerosene, petroleum naphtha, mineral seal oil, petroleum ether Low High Observe for pneumonia do not empty stomach. 

Convention liquid fuels derived from crude oils usually have 5-14 carbons in the molecules. In Tbble 7.1, we list common liquid fuels such as gasoline, kerosene, and fuel oils along with natural gas and petroleum ether for comparison. 

Distillation is widely used in the petroleum and chemical industries. A sophisticated distillation apparatus is used to separate the numerous organic components of crude oil, including petroleum ether, gasoline, kerosene, and jet fuel fractions. This requires fractional distillation, in which part of the v q)or recondenses in a fractionatii column that would be mounted vertically on top of the distillation flask in the apparatus shown in Figure 2.11. The most-volatile components enter into the condenser and are condensed back to liquid products less-volatile liquid constituents return to the distillation flask. The net effect is that of numerous distillations, which gives a very efficient separation. 

Describe petroleum ether, gasoline, and kerosene in terms of constituents. 

Here, the energy carries are categorised into three as shown in Figure 2, namely hydrocarbons, electricity and hydrogen. As for the hydrocarbon energy carriers, gasoline, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, compressed natural gas and so on are used at present, while dimethyl ether, ethanol, synthetic fuels and so on will be used in the future. 

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