Gasoline and additives

See also Acid Ram Air Quality, Indoor Atmosphere Automobile Performance Climatic Effects Emission Control, Vehicle Emission Control, Power Plant Environmental Economics Environmental Problems and Energy Use Gasoline and Additives Transportation, Evolution of Energy Use and Turbines, Gas. 

Sec Also Aircraft Air Pollution Air Travel Climatic Effects Gasoline and Additives Gasoline Engines Kerosene Militai y Energy Use, Modern Aspects of Transportation, Evaluation of Energy Use and. 

See also Automobile Performance Carnot, Nicolas Leonard Sadi Combustion Diesel Fuel Diesel, Rudolph Engines Gasoline and Additives Gasoline Engines Government Agencies Otto, Nikolaus August Thermodynamics. 

See also Automobile Performance Combustion Diesel, Rudolph Diesel Cycle Engines Engines Eucl Cell Vehicles Gasoline and Additives Gasoline Engines Government Agencies Hybrid Vehicles Kerosene Synthetic Fuel. 

See also Acid Rain Air Pollution Atmosphere Carson, Rachel Climatic Effects Disasters Environmental Economics Fossil Fuels Gasoline and Additives Gasoline Engines Government and the Energy Marketplace Nuclear Fission Nuclear Fusion Nuclear Waste. 

S cc also Catalysts Combustion Gasoline and Additives Heat and Heating Petroleum Consumption Refineries Refining, History of. 

See also Climatic Effects Fossil Fuels Gasoline and Additives Governmental Inteiwention in Energy Markets Liquefied Petroleum Gas Methane Natural Gas, Processing and Conversion of Natural Gas, Transportation, Distribution, and Storage of Oil and Gas, Exploration for Oil and Gas, Production of Risk Assesment and Management. 

Chemical Heritage Foundation, Philadelphia, PA Gasoline and Additives Ipatieff, Vladimir Nikolaevitch (1867-1952) Lewis, Warren K. (1882-1975)... 

Urea derivatives are an important class of carbonyl compounds and useful chemical intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and dyes and they are also used as antioxidants in gasoline and additives in plastics [51-54]. 

Fuel tank applications utilizing coextruded blow-molded layers of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) in conjunction with high-density polyethylene (HOPE) have been in place for decades. In these applications, the EVOH layer is adhesively bonded to the HOPE with an acrylic copolymer adhesive. The EVOH acts as an impermeable membrane to gasoline and additives such that the anission permeation requirements for fuel tanks is met. 

This chapter is divided in two parts additives for motor fuels and additives for lubricants. Concerning additives for gasoline, one will find here in Chapter 9 some useful complements to Chapter 5, especially regarding the synthesis of additives and their modes of action. 

The elimination of lead, the reduction of aromatics in gasoline, and the desulfurization of diesel fuels are oing to require significant reformulations of these products that will irripiy development of specific additives that allow the refiner to optimize costs while meeting the required specifications. 

Coley, T.R. (1989), Diesel fuel additives influencing flow and storage properties . In Gasoline and diesel fuel additives (Owen, K. Ed.). John Wiley. 

Nelson, O.L., R.W. Krumm, R.S. Fein, D.D. Fuller, G.K. Rightmire and G.E, Ducker (1989), "A broad spectrum, non metallic additive for gasoline and diesel fuels performance in gasoline engines". SAE paper No. 89-0214, fnt. Congress, Detroit, MI. 

Natural gas upgra ding economics may be affected by additional factors. The increasing use of compressed natural gas (CNG) directiy as fuel in vehicles provides an alternative market which affects both gas price and value (see Gasoline and other motor fuels Gas, natural). The hostility of the remote site environment where the natural gas is located may contribute to additional costs, eg, offshore sites require platforms and submarine pipelines. 

Corrosion Inhibitors. The corrosion inhibitors used in diesel fuel ate generally similar to those used in gasoline and, like the latter, produce an effect primarily by surface action. If amine additives ate used for detergency, these may provide some corrosion protection as well. 

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