Engines, Gas

These constants are dependent upon pressure, temperature and also the composition of the hydrocarbon fluid, as the various components within the system will interact with each other. K values can be found in gas engineering data books. The basic separation process is similar for oil and gas production, though the relative amounts of each phase differ. 

Variable Flow Rate Conventional variable clearance volume and valve lifting devices are impracticable at high pressures and, should it be necessary to vary the flow rate, use has to be made of variable speed electric drives or magnetic clutches. Integral steam and gas engines have been used and Burckhardt (168) developed an hydrauhc drive to provide an integrated variable capacity machine, but its efficiency is less than that of a straight mechanical drive. 

B. A. Sykes and D. Brown, A Review of the Technology of High Pressure Systems, Institute of Gas Engineers, London, 1975. 

American Gas Association, Gas Engineers Handbook, Industrial Press, New York, 1978. 

J. J. White, Eow Emission Catalysts for Natural Gas Engines, GRI Report 91/0214, Gas Research Institute, Chicago, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, SwRI 3178-22,1991. 

J. Klimstra, Catalytic Converters for Natural Gas Engines—A Measurement and Control Problem, SAE 872165, Society of Automotive Engineers,... 

Gas Holders Gas is sometimes stored in expandable gas holders of either the hquid-seal or dry-seal type. The hquid-seal holder is a familiar sight. It has a cylindrical container, closed at the top, and varies its volume by moving it up and down in an annular water-filled seal tank. The seal tank may be staged in several lifts (as many as five). Seal tanks have been built in sizes up to 280,000 m (10 X lO fE). The dry-seal holder has a rigid top attached to the sidewalls by a flexible fabric diaphragm which permits it to move up and down. It does not involve the weight and foundation costs or the hquid-seal holder. Additional information on gas holders can be found in Gas Engineers Handbook, Industrial Press, New York, 1966. 

For combustion with air at standard temperature and pressure. These flame temperatures are calculated for 100 percent theoretical air, disassociation considered. Data from Gas Engineers Handbook, Industrial Press, New York, 1965. 

FIG. 27-44 A four-pass packaged fire-tube boiler. Circled numbers indicate passes. (From Cleaver Brooks, Inc. Reproduced from Gas Engineer s Handbook, Industtial Press, New York, 1965, with permission. )... 

Gaseous fuels containing fractions whose ignition temperature is lower than that of methane may require the use of low-compression heads and a resulting derating of the gas engine. 

Installed costs of large units wifli cooling water supplied from process IDiesel or gas-engine generators ... 

This handbook provides y oci with quick. ind, ii curate solutions to your everyday pipeline problems. With 100 more pages than the Setond Edilion, n saves you valuable time and elforl with useful tips on conversion tactors, construction and design, gas engineering, oil products, corrosion, economics and much more. 

Technology Comparison Diesel Engine Gas Engine Simple Cycle Gas Turbine Micro Turbine Fuel Cell Solar Energy Photovoltic Cell Wind Bio Mass River Hydro... 

Here are heat rates, for initial estimating, for gas engines. 

Auxiliary lubrication and cooling systems checked Instrumentation and speed control checked No-load tests Light-load tests Gas-Engine Drivers... 

As part of PHA the author checked the natural ventilation system for an auxiliary electrical generator building that contained gas engine generators. The procedure to perform this API recommended practice can be found in Section 19—Safety-Natural Ventilation. 

When considering the possibility of using internal combustion drivers, evaluate process requirements and costs. If a low-cost, gaseous fuel is available, gas engines and gas turbines may surpass other drivers in economical installation and operation. In the initial process design stage, a method of establishing the cost of purchase, installation, and operation for drivers is needed. 

After the type of driven equipment is selected, the horsepower require ments must be estimated. Unless the horsepower requirements happen to fit one of the gas turbine sizes available, a gas engine will be needed. 

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