Garcinia biflavonoids

Kaikabo AA, Samuel BB, Elfo JN. (2009) Isolation and activity of two antibacterial biflavonoids from leaf extracts of Garcinia livingstonei. Nat Prod Commun 4 1363-1366. 

Biflavonoids from Garcinia kola Isoflavones from Astragalus membranaceus... 

Kapadia, G.J., Oguntimein, B., and Shukla, Y.N., High-speed countercurrent chromatographic separation of biflavonoids from Garcinia kola seeds, J. Chromatogr. A, 673, 142, 1994. 

Terashima, K., Aqil, M., and Niwa, M., Garcinianin, a novel biflavonoid from the roots of Garcinia kola. Heterocycles, 41, 2245, 1995. 

Donnelly, D.M.X. et al., Aryllead triacetates as synthons for the synthesis of biflavonoids. Part 2. Synthesis of a garcinia-type biflavonoid, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1797, 1994. 

Braide, V.B. (1 993) Anti-inflamatory effect of kola iron, a biflavonoid extract of Garcinia kola. Fitoterapia 64(5), 43 3 —43 6. 

Waterman, P.G. and Crichton, E.G. (1980b) Xanthones and biflavonoids from Garcinia densivenia stem bark. Phytochemistry 19(12), 2723-2726. 

Kolaviron (mixture of (J-3/ C-8-linked biflavonoids) [LARI 1 (6,3, 4 -Tri-hydroxy-5,7,8-trimethoxy-flavone)] (flavone) Garcinia cok (Clusiaceae) AR (rat lens)... 

Kolaviron mixture (mixture of C-3/C-8 linked biflavonoids) Garcinia kola (Guttiferae) HypoGlc (normal ALL-DB rabbit) (AR)... 

Studies on several Nigerian heibs have led to the identification of plant extracts with therapeutic efficacies against diabetes. Extracts from Garcinia kola cotmnonly called bitter kola reduces gastrointestinal spasm in rats thereby showing promise in the treatment of diarrhea 4). Their findings also revealed that the plant extract has the potential for the treatment of respiratory infections. Phytochemical analysis shows that the seed has a high content of alkaloid and biflavonoids. 

Garcinia kola Bitter kola Clusiaceae Cough, nasal conjestion, control of diarihaea, antidiabetic. Aphrodisiac, hypertension, stimulant, gastrointestinal problems, dysentery, headache, backpain, skin ailments, stimulates digestion, antiviral activity. Alkaloids and biflavonoid. 4 17, 18... 

Garcinia kola Heckel (seeds) 3",4, 4", 5,5",7,7"-Heptahydroxy-3,8-biflavanone (GBi) (176) GB2 (177) Kolaviron (KV) [a mixture of (C-3,C-8)-linked biflavonoids GBi (177) + GB2 (177) + kolaflavanone (178)]. Traditional medicine in the West and Central African sub-region. Poison antidote. Seeds have been used in traditional African medicine to treat diabetes. Antioxidant and antihepatotoxic properties. KV showed antioxidant, hepatoprotective and hypoglycaemic effects. KV inhibited rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) activity, had antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic effects, and showed immunomodulatory and immunorestorative properties. Maurice, 1982[186] Iwu et al., 1987[187], 1990[101] Farombi et al., 2000[188] Adefule-Ositelu et al., 2004[189] Adaramo ye and Adeyemi, 2006[190, 191] Nworu et al., 2008[192] Okoko, 2009[113]. 

Garcinia laterifolia Bl. (stem bark) Lateriflavanone (114a) morelloflavone (159) The biflavonoids exhibited proteasome-inhibitory activity. Morelloflavone (159) was found to have the highest potency (IC50 = 1.3 pM). Ren et al.[43]. 

Garcinia madruno (Kunth) Hanunel (aerial parts leaves and branches) Flavanone-(I-3,II-S)-flavones Morelloflavone (159) volkensiflavone (154). (I-3, II-8)-flavone Amentoflavone (1). Antioxidant activity Inhibitory LDL oxidation potential and free radical stabilization capacity of the biflavonoid fraction. Osorio et al., 2009[198]. 

A new biflavonoid, ent-naringeninyl-(I-3a,II-8)-4 -0-methylnaringenin (171) was isolated from the root bark of Garcinia livingstonei collected in Tanzania. This compoimd showed moderate activity against P. falciparum (IC5o6.7pM).[85]... 

F. C., In vitro anti-HIV activity of biflavonoids isolated from Rhus succedanea and Garcinia multiflora, J. Nat. Prod, 1997, 60, 884-888. 

Adaramoye, O. A., Protective effect of kolaviron, a biflavonoid from Garcinia kola Seeds, in brain of Wistar albino rats exposed to y-radiation, Biol. Pharm. Bull, 2010, 33, 260-266. 

Adaramoye, O. A. Awogbindin, I. Okusaga, J. O., Effect of kolaviron, a biflavonoid complex from Garcinia kola seeds, on ethanol-induced oxidative stress in liver of adult Wistar rats, J. Med. Food, 2009, 12, 584-590. 

Earombi, E. O. Adepoju, B. F. Ola-Davies, O. E. Emerole, G. O., Chemoprevention of aflatoxin B1-induced genotoxicity and hepatic oxidative damage in rats by kolaviron, a natural biflavonoid of Garcinia kola seeds, Eur. J. Cancer Prev., 2005, 14, 207-214. 

Maiuice, M. 1. W. U., Biflavonoids and glycosides of Garcinia kola stem hark, PlantaMed, 1982,45, 146-146. 

Adaramoye, O. A. Adeyemi, E. O., Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of fractions from kolaviron, a biflavonoid complex from Garcinia Kola in streptozotocin-induced Diabetes mellitus rats, J. Pharm. Pharmacol, 2006, 58, 121-128. 

Antia, B. S. Pansanit, A. Ekpa, O. D. Ekpe, U. J. Mahidol, C. Kittakoop, P., a-Glucosidase inhibitory, aromatase inhibitory, and antiplasmodial activities of a biflavonoid GBl from Garcinia kola stem bark, PlantaMed, 2010, 76, 276-277. 

Osorio, D. E. Montoya, P. G Bastida, J., Caracterizacion fitoquimica de ima fraccion de biflavonoides de Garcinia madruno Su inhibicion de la oxidacion de LDL humana y su mecanismo de estabilizacion de especies radicalarias, Vitae (Medellin, Colombia) 2009, 16, 369-377. 

This reaction was used in the synthesis of biflavonoid structures (85), which are analogues of natural compounds isolated from Garcinia species, members of the Guttiferae famOy.1 2,169... 

Historically, reviews of benzophenones were included as small sections with the biogenetically related xanthones. Previous reviews include Bennett and Lee [1] who discussed the distribution and isolation of 20 benzophenones included in a review focused on xanthones. They also discussed the biosynthetic relationships between xanthones and benzophenones. Kumar and Baslas [2] summarized the chemical composition, medical importance, and biologically active benzophenones, biflavonoids, and xanthones isolated from Garcinia species. Two reviews by Waterman focused on the chemotaxonomic significance of benzophenones, along with biflavonoids and xanthones, of ten African Garcinia species [3,4], Locksley and Murray [5] discussed the distribution of thirteen benzophenones in higher plants and Sultanbawa [6] included five benzophenones in a review on xanthonoids from tropical plants. Sultanbawa also discussed the biosynthesis of benzophenones and xanthones. Erdelmeier et al. [7] discussed 20 polyprenylated benzophenones in a chapter on the various properties of St. John s Wort Hypericum perforatum). 

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