Garcinia

Cleary, K. and McFeeters R.F., Effects of oxygen and turmeric on the formation of oxidative aldehydes in fresh-pack dill pickles, J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 3421, 2006. Lean, L.P. and Mohamed S., Antioxidative and antimycotic effects of turmeric, lemon-grass, betel leaves, clove, black pepper leaves and Garcinia atriviridis on butter cakes, J. Sci. Food Agric., 79, 1817, 1999. 

Fig. 11. Garcinia atroviridis Griff. From Flora of Malaya. FRI No 13275. Geographical localization Semangkok F.R. North Selangor, in primary forest, hillside, alt. 2700 feet. 

Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is found in the fruit and rind of the mangosteen oil tree plant (Garcinia campogia). This tropical plant, native to India, bears yellowish pumpkin-shaped fruit (Figure 6.4). In animal studies, HCA was shown to decrease... 

Benzophenones are distributed scarcely in foods. They are mainly present in the Garcinia genus, such as in fruits of Garcinia indica (Yamaguchi and others 2000) and Garcinia cambogia (Masullo and others 2008), characteristic products of India. Recently, benzophenone derivatives have also been identified in several by-products of mango at low concentrations (0-15 mg/100 g FW) (Barreto and others 2008). 

Masullo M, Bassarello C, Suzuki H, Pizza C and Piacente S. 2008. Polyisoprenylated benzophenones and an unusual polyisoprenylated tetracyclic xanthone from the fruits of Garcinia cambogia. J Agric Food... 

Yamaguchi F, Ariga T, Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H. 2000. Antioxidative and anti-glycation activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica fruit rind. J Agric Food Chem 48(2) 180—185. 

Zadernowski R, Czaplicki S and Naczk M. 2009. Phenolic acid profiles of mangosteen fruits (Garcinia mangostana). Food Chem 112(3) 685-689. 

Kaikabo AA, Samuel BB, Elfo JN. (2009) Isolation and activity of two antibacterial biflavonoids from leaf extracts of Garcinia livingstonei. Nat Prod Commun 4 1363-1366. 

Phongpaichit S et al., Antimicrobial activity in cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from Garcinia species, FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 2006. 

Xanthochymol (262) from Garcinia xanthochymus, whose structure has now been determined by X-ray diffraction, is another compound of biogenetic interest. Cymopol (Vol. 7, p. 48) and its monomethyl ether have been synthesized. Other... 

Biflavonoids from Garcinia kola Isoflavones from Astragalus membranaceus... 

Kapadia, G.J., Oguntimein, B., and Shukla, Y.N., High-speed countercurrent chromatographic separation of biflavonoids from Garcinia kola seeds, J. Chromatogr. A, 673, 142, 1994. 

Terashima, K., Aqil, M., and Niwa, M., Garcinianin, a novel biflavonoid from the roots of Garcinia kola. Heterocycles, 41, 2245, 1995. 

Terashima, K., A study of biflavanones from the stems of Garcinia kola (Guttiferae), Heterocycles, 50, 283, 1999. 

Donnelly, D.M.X. et al., Aryllead triacetates as synthons for the synthesis of biflavonoids. Part 2. Synthesis of a garcinia-type biflavonoid, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1797, 1994. 

Ilyas, M. et al., Isoflavones from Garcinia nervosa. Phytochemistry, 36, 807, 1994. 

This chapter will focus on the liquid chromatographic analysis of the commercially relevant nonvolatile material in hops and their processed counterparts, together with their subsequent derivatives in beers. As yet, there do not appear to be any reports of the chromatographic properties of the bittering components of Garcinia kola, so these will not be discussed further here. 

EO Ogu, RC Agu. A comparison of some chemical properties of Garcinia kola and hops for assessment of Garcinia brewing value. Biores Technol 54 1-4, 1995. 

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