Hypolipidaemic effects

Mathur, R., Sharma, A., Dixit, V.P., and Varma, M. 1996. Hypolipidaemic effect of fruit juice of Emblica officinalis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. J. Ethnopharmacol. 50, 61-68. 

Sharma, R.D. 1996. Hypolipidaemic effect of fenugreek seeds a chronic study in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Phytother. Res. 10, 332-334. 

Dietary curcumin can alleviate dangerous secondary complications induced by diabetes. The beneficial effects of dietary curcumin on diabetic nephropathy are probably mediated through the hypolipidaemic effects of curcumin (Babu and Srinivasan, 1997). 

The leaves are a stimulant and are used in rheumatism and diarrhoea. Its bark is useful for the treatment of gonorrhoea (Kirtikar and Basu, 1984). The essential oil from C. tamala exhibits antifungal, antidermato-phytic, hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects. 

Sharma, S.R., Dwivedi, S.K. and Swarup, D. (1996) Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of Cinnamomum tamala Nees leaves. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 34, 372-374. 

The ethanolic extract of nutmeg kernels showed hypolipidaemic effect in albino rabbits. Administration of 500mg/kg of the extract daily for a period of 60 days in the hyperlipidaemic rabbits resulted in significantly lower levels of lipoprotein lipids (total cholesterol 574 61 versus 210 27mg/dl low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 493 57 versus 131 25mg/dl and triglycerides 108 14 versus 67 in control versus experimental) (Ram et al., 1996). 

Ram, A., Fauria, P., Gupta, R. and Sharma, V.N. (1 996) Hypolipidaemic effect of Myristica fragrans fruit extract in rabbits. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 55(1), 49-53. 

The hypolipidaemic effect of metformin has not been elucidated satisfactorily. The reduction of serum triglycerides and to a smaller extent total plasma cholesterol, however, is very welcome in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome in Type-II diabetes. The inhibitory effect of metformin on fatty acid oxidation (Schonborn et al., 1975) has been regarded as pivotal in its mechanism of antidiabetic action, because of the interrelations between fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism. 

Garcinia kola Heckel (seeds) 3",4, 4", 5,5",7,7"-Heptahydroxy-3,8-biflavanone (GBi) (176) GB2 (177) Kolaviron (KV) [a mixture of (C-3,C-8)-linked biflavonoids GBi (177) + GB2 (177) + kolaflavanone (178)]. Traditional medicine in the West and Central African sub-region. Poison antidote. Seeds have been used in traditional African medicine to treat diabetes. Antioxidant and antihepatotoxic properties. KV showed antioxidant, hepatoprotective and hypoglycaemic effects. KV inhibited rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) activity, had antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic effects, and showed immunomodulatory and immunorestorative properties. Maurice, 1982[186] Iwu et al., 1987[187], 1990[101] Farombi et al., 2000[188] Adefule-Ositelu et al., 2004[189] Adaramo ye and Adeyemi, 2006[190, 191] Nworu et al., 2008[192] Okoko, 2009[113]. 

Adaramoye, O. A. Adeyemi, E. O., Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of fractions from kolaviron, a biflavonoid complex from Garcinia Kola in streptozotocin-induced Diabetes mellitus rats, J. Pharm. Pharmacol, 2006, 58, 121-128. 

Malhotra, S.C., and M.M. Ahuja. 1971. Comparative hypolipidaemic effectiveness of gum guggulu (Commiphora mukul) fraction A, ethyl-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate and Ciba-13437-Su. Indian J. Med. Res. 59(10) 1621-1632. 

Malhotra, S.C., M.M. Ahuja, and K.R. Sundaram. 1977. Long term clinical studies on the hypolipidaemic effect of Commiphora mukul (guggulu) and clofibrate. Indian f. Med. Res. 65(3) 390-395. 

Fish oil, containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), possesses a number of henefidal effects, including the hypolipidaemic effect. It has been assumed that EPA and DHA both are hypotriglyceridaemic. However, recent animal studies have shown that EPA, but not DHA, appears to be responsible for the triglyceride lowering effect of fish oil, possibly through increased P-oxidation. Results from a recent clinical study sean to support this pathway as the primary site for the hypolipidaemic effect of n-3 fatty adds." ... 

Earlier we fed EPA to rats at different doses, and found that high doses of EP at least l,000mg/d/l body mass, were necessary to obtain the hypolipidaemic effect. ... 

This study shows that the methylation of EPA potentiated the hypolipidaemic effect of EPA, as low doses of the EPA-derivatives caused hypolipidaemic effect while EPA... 

An inhibition of one of the enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis is consistent with retarded lipogenesis. The enzyme considered to be rate-limiting in fatty acid synthesis, i.e. acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and another fatty acid synthesis enzyme, i.e. fatty acid synthase, are both downregulated by hypolipidaemic EPA-derivatives. Thus, the hypolipidaemic effect observed by administration of the EPA-derivatives to rats could be due to both increased fatty acid oxidation and reduced lipogenesis. However, other results by our group indicate that the fatty acid oxidation is the major cause of the hypolipidaemic effect. 

As expected, EPA was without any effect at dose 600mg/d/kg body mass, or below, while 2-methyl EPA lowered the plasma triglycerides at this dose. Both EPA and 2-methyl EPA were hypotriglyceridaemic at the highest dose. We wanted to distinguish between the hypolipidaemic effects of the different EPA-derivatives, and found it necessary to use a low dose. The compounds were fed to rats at dose 250mg/d/kg body mass for 5 days. We measured the amount of plasma lipids (summation of plasma triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids) in these rats. As expected, EPA at this low dose did not have any hypolipidaemic effect compared to control. Also, 2-methyl EPA was without any... 

We found that methylated TTA inaeased the peroxisomal, but not the mitochondrial p-oxidation, and no hypolipidaemic effect was observed. Thus, the inaeased peroxisomal P-oxidation (measmed as FAO activity) in rats fed 2-methyl TTA did not cause any hypolipidaemic effect compared to TTA fed rats. According to these findings, it is reason le to believe that the peroxisomes are of minor importance for the lipid lowering effect. This study thereby supports the hypothesis by our group that increased mitochondrial P-oxidation, and not peroxisomal P-oxidation, is responsible for the triglyceride... 

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