Future trends and needs

With the emergence of cheap, high speed computing platforms and the availability of commercial CFD codes and support, flow modeling needs to be harnessed to devise the best possible reactor hardware. Some comments on future trends and needs may be appropriate at this juncture. Each advance in the CFD community s capability to perform a particular class of computations, has led to a corresponding increase in the engineer s expectations. These expectations can be translated to define research and developmental requirements. These requirements may be classified into two categories computational and physical. The most important areas of computational character, in which further work is needed, are ... 

The book concludes with perspectives on future trends and some thoughts on the future direction of LC/MS applications in the pharmaceutical industry. New standards of analytical performance are discussed with regard to throughput and capacity. A prospective look at how higher standards of analytical performance in the pharmaceutical industry will effect relationships with academia and instrument manufacturers is featured. These sections extend the initial thesis of accelerated development to include new analysis bottlenecks and perspectives on analysis issues and industry needs. 

In this chapter, industrial and technological future trends and present and future needs are briefly discussed. Fluoropolymers Division of the Society of Plastics Industry is an excellent source of additional information. 

The dinners of the NATO-ASI Conference provided a forum for the review of future trends and strategies. Two Special Invited Speakers, Dr, J, Grace and Dr, J, Wright, delivered talks about Research Needs in Chemical Reactor Engineering and Role of Universities and Research in High Technology Development in Canada,... 

For a future development, it should be important to note that the development of the LCD came naturally at that time, based on the available techniques, but putting it into practical use needed the presence of individuals who can read the social trends and needs of that time and overcome the various difficulties. 

Income statements are veiy useful tools to assist management in controlling a business and planning for the future. Since management needs to follow the trends of the normal expenses, extraordinaiy expenses such as those incurred as a result of a major fire or flood should be shown separately. 

For the most part, future trends will be found in liazard accident prevention, not liazard analysis. To help promote liazard accident prevention, companies should start employee-training programs. These programs should be designed to alert staff and employees about tlie liazards tliey are exposed to on tlie job. Training should also cover company safety policies and tlie proper procedures to follow in case an accident does occur. A major avenue to reducing risk will involve source reduction of hazardous materials. Risk education and communication are two other areas tliat will need iniprovemcnt. 

Health-related institutions again show the future trend in a microcosm. Suitable incineration facilities may determine the ability of such institutions to function effectively in an urban environment. When adequate processes for solid waste and air pollution control by incineration are developed, the use of combustible, one-way trip disposables for all incoming materials can be expected to accelerate. This will result in a decrease in the need for a direct fuel supply. 

Even with the development of high-throughput analytical equipment, the discovery phase still requires a significant investment of time and resources. Future trends will likely focus on increasing the number of available dehydrogenases and cutting the time and effort needed to screen them. 

The book, divided into four sections, begins with a brief chapter describing some present problems in need of research and future trends related to polymer modification. The volume is not exhaustive but chapters were selected to illustrate specific aspects of more general areas of polymer modification. 

The objectives of this monograph are to provide a compilation of the newest results in this field of research, a critical evaluation of the results, a comparison of the various LC separation techniques, and the prediction of future trends in the LC analysis of pigments. The book is meant to be self-sufficient in terms of the needs of the average analytical chemist who intends to work in this fascinating field. We are confident that it will be a valuable reference book for researchers and serious students engaged in the chromatography of pigments. 

The second issue is that of claims. This subject is difficult to write upon definitively as new or changed regulations are often put into effect. However, the trend seems to be that claims will need some form of substantiation based upon scientific reports. In the future, folklore and anecdotal information about herbs are less likely to be permitted on product labels, advertisements and point-of-sale literature. 

There are several future trends for the development of passive sampling techniques. The first is the development of devices that can be used to monitor emerging environmental pollutants. Recently, attention has shifted from hydrophobic persistent organic pollutants to compounds with a medium-to-high polarity, for example, polar pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products.82 147148 Novel materials will need to be tested as selective receiving phases (e.g., ionic liquids, molecularly imprinted polymers, and immunoadsorbents), together with membrane materials that permit the selective diffusion of these chemicals. The sample extraction and preconcentration methods used for these devices will need to be compatible with LC-MS analytical techniques. 

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