Passive sampling techniques

Passive Sampling Techniques in Environmental Monitoring Electrochemical (Bio) Sensor Analysis... 

Vrana B, Mills GA, Allan IJ et al (2005) Passive sampling techniques for monitoring pollutants in water. Trends Anal Chem 24 845-868... 

Krochmal, D and L. Gorski, Determination of Nitrogen Dioxide in Ambient Air by Use of a Passive Sampling Technique and Triethanolamine as Absorbent, Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, 531-535 (1991). 

Passive samplers are not useful to monitor peak concentrations, but offer a convenient way to regard for example, long term exposure of persons in an indoor environment. A more detailed description of the passive sampling technique is given in Chapter 3. 

Application of Passive Sampling Techniques for Monitoring the Aquatic Environment... 

There are several future trends for the development of passive sampling techniques. The first is the development of devices that can be used to monitor emerging environmental pollutants. Recently, attention has shifted from hydrophobic persistent organic pollutants to compounds with a medium-to-high polarity, for example, polar pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products.82 147148 Novel materials will need to be tested as selective receiving phases (e.g., ionic liquids, molecularly imprinted polymers, and immunoadsorbents), together with membrane materials that permit the selective diffusion of these chemicals. The sample extraction and preconcentration methods used for these devices will need to be compatible with LC-MS analytical techniques. 

Ouyang, G. and J. Pawhszyn. 2007. Configurations and calibration methods for passive sampling techniques.. /. Chromatogr. A 1168 226-235. 

Greenwood, R., G.A. Mills, and B. Vrana (eds). 2007. Passive Sampling Techniques in Environmental Monitoring. Amsterdam Elsevier. 

Paschke, A., B. Vrana, P. Popp, L. Wennrich, H. Paschke, and G. Schtiurmann. 2007. Membrane enclosed sorptive coating for the monitoring of organic compounds in water. In R. Greenwood, G.A. Mills, and B. Vrana (eds), Passive Sampling Techniques in Environmental Monitoring, pp. 231-249. Amsterdam Elsevier. 

Greenwood, R., Mills, G.A. and Vrana, B. (eds), 2007b. Passive sampling techniques in environmental monitoring. Vol. 48, in Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, Series Editor in Chief D. Barcelo, Elsevier. 

Mills, G.A., Greenwood, R., Allan, I.J., et al., 2008. Application of passive sampling techniques in monitoring the aquatic environment. In Namiesnik, J. and Szefer, P. (eds), Analytical Measurements in Aquatic Environments, Taylor Francis, London. 

Schafer, R.B., Paschke, A., Vrana, B., Mueller, R. and Liess, M., 2008b. Water Res., 42, 2707. Smedes, F., 2007. Monitoring of chlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by passive sampling in concert with deployed mussels. In Greenwood, R., Mills, G.A. and Vrana, B. (eds), Passive Sampling Techniques in Environmental Monitoring. Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Series, Barcelo D (series ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 407-48. 

Alvarez D.A., Huckins J.N., Petty J.D., et al., 2007. Tool for monitoring hydrophilic contaminants in water Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS). In R. Greenwood et al. (eds), Passive Sampling Techniques. Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, vol 48, Elsevier. Alvarez D.A., Petty J.D., Huckins J.N., et al., 2004. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 23, 1640-8. 

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