Furfural plastic

MOLDED PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE, (Durez) PHENOL FURFURAL PLASTICS urea FORMALDEHYDE CASEIN PLASTICS EPOXY REilWii... 

Group of plastics composed of resins in which the furane ring is an integral portion of the polymer chain made from polymerization or polyconden-sation of furfural, furfural alcohol and other compounds containing furane rings also formed by reaction of furane compounds with an equal weight or less of other compounds. 

A number of lower volume chemicals can be obtained from wood hydrolysis. Furfural is formed from the hydrolysis of some polysaccharides to pentoses, followed by dehydration. This process is still used in the Soviet Union. Furfural is used in small amounts in some phenol plastics it is a small minor pesticide and an important commercial solvent. It can be converted into the common solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF) and an important solvent and intermediate in organic synthesis, furfuryl alcohol. 

Furan resins are produced by the polymerization of furfural or furfuryl alcohol in the presence of acids (see Figure 15.8). The properties of these dark-colored resins are shown in Table 15.6. Furan resins have a relatively low heat deflection temperature (80 °C) and good mechanical properties. These materials, which are widely used as jointing materials for brick and tile, are characterized by excellent resistance to nonoxidizing acids, alkalis, and salts but are affected by the presence of oxidizing acids such as nitric acid. The furan plastics are also resistant at room temperature to nonpolar solvents, such as benzene, and to polar solvents, such as ethanol. 

Furan-2-carbaldehyde (furfural) is widely used in the vegetable oil, plastics, rubber and petroleum industries as well as being a versatile starting material for furan syntheses. It is the major source of commercial furans. It is used to extract unsaturated hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon mixtures, a process important in the purification of petroleum and vegetable oils. The chemistry of furfural has been extensively studied because of its industrial importance and availability. 

Furfural is used in small amounts in some phenol plastics it is a small minor pesticide and an important commercial solvent, ft can be converted into the common solvent tetrahydrofuran and an important solvent and intermediate in organic synthesis, furfuryl alcohol. 

Gravitis et al. (2001) also reported a novel technology consisting of a two-step selective catalysis of wood and other pentosan-containing raw materials for the production of various chemicals (i.e. furfural, levoglucosan, ethanol) by using small amounts of strong catalysts. Furfural could be used for the production of dyes, plastics and fumaric acid. 

Coal and pine tar are examples of common nonreactive diluents from natural substances. These are interesting nonreactive diluents because of their relatively low cost. They are often used as extenders in epoxy systems to reduce the cost. Coal tar is widely used because of its excellent compatibility with epoxy resins and relatively small sacrifice in cured properties. Nonyl phenol, furfural alcohol, and dibutyl phthalate are also common nonreactive diluents for epoxy systems. Dibutyl phthalate is also used as a plasticizer in many thermoplastics, such as polyvinyl chloride. 

Furfural 10-15 Adsorption, distillation Plastic and lacquer industries... 

Although 2-furoic acid (pyromucic acid) was known to Scheele in 1780, furan was obtained only in 1870 by Limpricht. Furfural began to be produced commercially in the 1930s by the Quaker Oats Company and its subsidiary, the Miner Laboratory. It had been observed that oat husks (waste from breakfast cereals) afforded furfural on treatment with acids in about 10% yield, along with non-volatile cattle food. Among the many uses of furfural, one should mention (i) the manufacture of plastics based on the phenol-furfural-formaldehyde reaction, (ii) its use as selective solvent for aromatics in the petrochemical industry and oil refinement, and (iii) the separation of saturated from unsaturated fats (triglycerides) in the refinement of vegetable oils. Furfural can be recovered by steam distillation and recycled. 

Extenders, Plasticizers, and Process Oils. Materials in this class can be prepared from the extracts obtained when narrow wax distillate cuts are solvent-refined— with furfural, for example— in the production of lubricating oils. These materials must have a low pour-point. Hydro-catalytic treatment over a mordenite-based catalyst removes residual n-paraflBnic wax with consequent reduction in pour-point of the product, which is obtained in good over-all yield. 

Alcohol resins, polyvinyl Alkyd resins Allyl resins Butadiene copolymers, containing less than 50 percent butadione Carbohydrate plastics Casein plastics Cellulose nitrate resins Cellulose propionate (plastics) Coal tar resins Condensation plastics Coumarone-iodene resins Cresol resins Cresol-furfural resins Dicyandiamine resins Diisocyanate resins Elastomers, nonvulcanizable (plastics)... 

Petroleum polymer resins Phenol-furfural resins Phenolic resins Phenoxy resins Phthalic alkyd resins Phthalic anhydride resins Polyacrylonitrile resins Polyamide resins Polycarbonate resins Polyesters Polyethylene resins Polyhexamothylemediamine adipamide resins Polyisobutylenes Polymerization plastics, except fibers... 

Many efforts have been made to base polymers on furfural made from pentoses.159 The polymers may be useful, but tend to have lower thermal stability than the usual synthetic polymers. Polyesters based on furfural were mentioned earlier. The acid-catalyzed polymerization of furfuryl alcohol is used in foundry cores.160 Furfural has been condensed with cardanol (m-pentadecadienylphenol) from cashew nut shell oil in the presence of other phenols to produce polymeric resins.161 Cardanol and hydrogenated cardanol have been polymerized with horseradish peroxidase to soluble polymers in up to 85% yield.162 Plasticizers that are effective in polyvinyl chloride, such as (12.31), have been made from furfural.163... 

Peanut seeds contain about 50% oil and 25% protein and provide about 2600 cal/lb. The compounds found in peanuts are used in paints, varnishes, lubricating oils, leather dressings, furniture polish, insecticides, and nitroglycerine. Soaps are made from the saponified oil as well as several cosmetic bases. The protein fraction is used in the textile fibers Ardil and Sarelon. The shells are used in plastics, wallboard, abrasives, and as a fuel. The chemicals furfural, xylose, cellulose, and mucilage are obtained from peanuts. The tops are used for hay, and the press cake is used for animal feed and fertilizer. 

FURFURAL (98-01-1) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 140°F/60°C). Strong acids or strong bases may cause polymerization. Violent reaction with strong acids, alkalis, sodium bicarbonate. Incompatible with ammonia, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, aromatic amines, oxidizers. Attacks many plastics and coatings. 

Corn is a valuable source of industrial chemicals. For example, furfural is prepared from corncobs. It is an important reactant in plastics manufacturing and a key solvent for the production of cellulose acetate, which is used to make everything from videotape to waterproof fabric. It can be reduced to furfuryl alcohol or oxidized to 2-furoic acid. 

USE In the manufacture of furfural-phenol plastics such as Durite in solvent refining of petroleum oils in the prepn of pyromucic acid. As a solvent for nitrated cotton, cellulose acetate, and gums in the manuf of varnishes for accel -crating vulcanization as insecticide, fungicide, germicide as reagent in analytical chemistry. In the synthesis of furan derivatives. Caution Irritates mucous membranes and acts on CNS- Causes lacrimal ion, inflammation of eyes, irritation of throat, headache-... 

X 10 metric tons world production —16-17 X 10 metric tons. Peanut proteins have been used to produce a fiber, SoleIon. The shells are used in the manuf of furfural, xylose, cellulose, plastics, mucilage, also in fertilizers and cattle feed. 

I would like to remind the group of the utility of furfural and furfuryl alcohol in the making of many plastic materials. The furfural industry is based on converting the pentosan fraction of plant materials to furfural. The products available are well known because the technology for doing this chemistry was pioneered by the Quaker Oats Company over 50 years ago. For a more detailed picture of the products, the interested reader should be referred to Volume 7 of the Encyclopedia of Polymer Science Teclmology. 

However, a correctly specifically manufactured and configured stoker is an excellent combustor of cellulose waste such as (1) wood—shredded trees to sawdust (2) garbage—refuse-derived fuel (3) bagasse—sugarcane residne (4) industrial residue—paper, plastics, and wood (5) furfural residue (6) peanut shells and (7) shredded tires. Most of these fuels can be bnrned without auxiliary fuel with proper attention to fnel moisture, design heat release, combustion air system design, and preheated air temperature. Cogeneration and the emphasis on renewable fuels have driven increased use of these fuels. Size distribution of the fuel is important from the standpoint of efficiency, availability, and low emissions. 

Classification Thermosetting resin Definition Plastic derived from furfuryl alcohol or from furfural or reaction prods, of furfural and a ketone cured resins char, by heat/fire/chem. resist. 

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