Function of Safety

Safety must focns on developing processes or systems that can help prevent harm and loss. An uncorrected hazard or hazardons sitnation could contribute to an event resulting in property damage, job interruption, personal harm, or adverse health effects. The process of controlling hazards may require development of written policies, plans, or procedures. Never consider safety as a program but as a function of the organization. The safety function must connect with organizational structures and operational philosophies. 

Correcting causal factors results in better nse of hiunan and material resources. Placing individual blame leads to organizational problems being ignored. 

Data collection provides the foundation for effective analysis of hazards. 

Safety efforts must address poor and hazardous behaviors. 

Communication and human relation skills remain key to achieving safety results. Hazard control focuses on accomplishing the job with safety. 

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The function of safety controls should be checked at least once a year. 

Hazard Ability of a substance to cause injury probability that a substance (chemical or physical agent) can cause injury or adverse effect to animals and humans under a set condition hazard is the inverse function of safety. 

Follmer, B. Zeller, H. The influence of pressure surges on the functioning of safety valves. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Pressure Surges, BHRA Fluid Engineering, 1980 429 44. 

The frequent bringing together of the functions of safety, health, and enviromnental affairs under a single management... 

According to [8] the operator of a plant does not only have to make provisions against plant internal hazard sources but also against external ones (literally in Germany environmentally caused hazard sources). This concerns impacts from outside the establishment (and hence on the plant) which may jeopardize the function of safety-relevant parts of the plant [27]. Such impacts may originate from ... 

All these functions entail the managanent of anployees, materials, machinery, the environment, and processes. These four basic functions of safety management, if integrated into a manager s normal functions, could provide for better management, leadership, and involvement in the safety program and its elements. A positive safety culture can only be obtained by positive proactive leadership. 

Traditionally the function of safety was given to the safety department, and it was told to manage the safety. Safety does not belong in the safety department, but with line management. 

The functions of safety and security are distinctly different. Perhaps the only common area is that both safety and security can save the organization a lot of money. Security... 

DOE Order 420.1, Facility Safety, requires the detailed application of that order s requirements to be guided by safety analyses that establish the identification and functions of safety (safety class and safety significant) structures, systems, and components (SSCs) for a facility and establish the significance of safety functions performed by those SSCs. It specifies that nuclear facilities shall be designed with the objective of providing multiple layers of protection to prevent or mitigate the unintended release of radioactive materials to the environment. The safety analyses must consider facility hazards, natural phenomena hazards, and external man-induced hazards. Paragraph 4.4.1 requires safety analyses for hazardous facilities to include the ability of SSCs and personnel to perform their intended safety functions under the effects of natural phenomena. DOE O 420.1 (DOE 1995) incorporates requirements from the cancelled DOE Orders 5480.28, 5480.7A, and 6430.1A(DOE 1993). 

With that scheme, the analyst identifies first which systems are needed given the PSA scenario. Then from the list of required systems, he determines which actions are plausible that could prevent these systems to work. That method is theoretically the more exhaustive and the more justified. We use it explicitely in EDF s PSA at the step of what we call AQS, in French Analyse Qualitative des s6quences, that means Qualitative Sequence Analysis (Cucciniello Vidal, 2000). As Cucciniello and Vidal said The qualitative analysis of sequences (AQS) aims at characterizing in the accidental situations of reference, defined by the initiators selected and the states of the reactor considered, the missions of the frontal systems, I C and human like their sequence. It is built starting from a detailed structuring of the functions of safety and course of accidental control APE [i.e. French symptom based procedures]. After the characterization of the initiators, the method breaks up into three stages ... 

Checking of the cover of the functions of safety by domain and initiator... 

In conclusion, proactive safety indicators either irtfluence safety management priorities and the chosen actions for safety improvement or provide information about the dynamics of the sociotechnical system (not merely about the functioning of safety barriers and absence of harm). These proactive indicators are respectively labelled drive indicators and monitor indicators in this chapter. Safety indicators should be capable of measirring (morritor indicators) or facilitating (drive indicators) the presence of organisational attribrrtes necessary for ensuring adequate patient safety. 

The function of safety is to find and define the operational errors that result in accidents. 

Interlocks or other automatic equipment are provided as backup to procedural control to avoid conditions requiring the functioning of safety-related systems or engineered safety features. 

The main emphasis in the development work has been to prevent core degradation accidents under any credible conditions, without recourse to the function of safety equipment needing actuation signal or power or to operator actions or interventions in other words, in an entirely passive way. The economy and operability of the plant must not be sacrifized to achieve this, however. 

A safety instrumented function of safety integrity level 4 shall be permitted only if the criteria in either a), or both b) and c) below are met. 

The function of safety and health can correlate with the broader structure utilized in team sports. The safety and health professional is the coach. He or she develops the game plan and prepares the players. The team owner, director of personnel, and other administrative functions correlate closely with the management team. The management team s priority is administration, production, and quality. The supervisory level correlates to the team captains on the field and directing the other players. And the employees correlate with the players. If the players know what to do and are... 

Failure of RPV supports would challenge the integrity of the reactor coolant system and the functionality of safety systems. Failure of reactor internals could affect cooling of the fuel and cause stuck control rods. 

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