Indicators proactive

In addition to the proactive uses of the SRK model described in the two previous sections, it can also be employed retrospectively as a means of identifying the underlying causes of incidents attributed to human error. This is a particularly useful application, since causal analyses can be used to identify recurrent vmderlying problems which may be responsible for errors which at a surface level are very different. It has already been indicated in Section 2.4.1 that the same observable error can arise from a variety of alternative causes. In this section it will be shown how several of the concepts discussed up to this point can be combined to provide a powerful analytical framework that can be used to identify the root causes of incidents. 

This indicates that error management comprises two strategies proactive methods are applied to prevent errors occurring, and reactive strategies are used to learn lessons from incidents that have occurred and to apply these lessons to the development of preventive measures. Both proactive and reactive methods rely on an understanding of the courses of human error based on the theories and perspectives presented in this book. The tools and tech-... 

The number of Sis, present in today s chemical process industry is overwhelming as discussed by Tixier (Tixier et al., 2002). These indicators are categorized in several ways in literature, for example pro-active versus reactive indicators. Many of these categories are not unambiguous. Some authors, like Kletz (Kletz, 1998) define proactive as prior to the operational phase of an installation while other authors, like Rasmussen et al. (Rasmussen et al., 2000), define pro-active as prior to an accident. In this thesis two categories of indicators are used, i.e. pro-active and reactive indicators. Here the definition of Rasmussen (Rasmussen et al., 2000) is adopted, who defined pro-active indicators as indicators before an accident and reactive indicators as indicators after an accident. Moreover, the pro-active indicators are divided into predictive and monitoring indicators. The monitoring indicators use actual events as a measure for the likelihood, while the predictive indicators predict the likelihood. 

LEADX was developed and is manufactured by Proactive Environmental Research and Development, Inc. (PERDI). PERDI indicates that patents are pending in the United States for processing and treatment of CRT such as those used for displays in televisions and computer monitors. Patents are also pending in the United States for the use of LEADX as an abrasive additive for sandblasting to immobilize lead from lead paint residue. LEADX is distributed by Proactive Applied Solutions Corporation (PASCO). EnviroBest Corporation markets two paint removers containing LEADX called PR-40/LEADX and PR-40AF/LEADX . 

Edkins GD. 1998. The INDICATE safety program Evaluation of a method to proactively improve airline safety performance. SafSci 30 275. 

Quality is evaluated by measuring relevant indicators. Outcomes indicators (economic, clinical, and humanistic) will be the major importance in the future for clinical pharmacist services. Clinical pharmacist services must relocate themselves strategically as a proactive agent and lead drug therapy in the healthcare team. 

It is rather essential that the applicability domain of a derived model can be evaluated so that outliers to the model may be indicated. If an established statistical model is to be regarded as poor from a predictive point of view this should be done on the basis of correct reasons, that is, that the model has truly poor predictive ability and not from the fact that the model cannot estimate outliers to the model with acceptable accuracy. The latter case is probably the most common cause for statistical (ADMET) models to fall from fame especially those that can be accessed through internal or external web services. In many cases it is difficult, if not impossible, to find out about the compounds used as training set and/or the chemical description used in the model. Thus, many compounds outside the applicability domain of the model will be submitted. It is therefore of great importance to have an indication together with the prediction whether the compound is considered to fall inside or outside of this domain, that is, if the compound is an outlier or not. The outlier information, and possibly also how far from the model the compound in question is, may in many cases be utilized in a more proactive way than just realizing that a number of compounds submitted to the model for prediction are, in fact, outliers to the present model. Thus, by analyzing the outliers, perhaps virtual compounds, from various points of views, for example, structural or synthetic, some of these compounds may later be synthesized and tested experimentally. The same compounds may then be incorporated into a revised model that will have a broader applicability domain. There are different methods available to determine whether a particular compound is to be labeled as an outlier. In this section, we will describe two of these methods ... 

The overall objective is to raise a company s or factory s tmnsfommbility, the new determinant of corporate market success. Transformability is the ability to adjust rapidly to increased turbulence and recognize changing indicators early enough to initiate proactive adaptation measures. 

Setting of KPIs helps the operators to be proactive in taking corrective action to avert problems. Good indicators also help track the impact of business decisions on process safety/integrity related risks. A common set of indicators should be used within the organization in order to allow comparison across various assets at different locations. 

The value of having a coherent set of safety performance indicators is that it enables regulators and industry to detect problematic operatious aud iudustrywide or systemic risks and proactively address these vulnerabilities instead of waiting for the next big accident. A good example is provided by the Norwegian Petroleum Safety Authority (PSA), which continuously collects, reviews, aud reports on performance of operations in its sector of the North Sea and works with industry and labor on improvements, as discussed in several other chapters. ... 

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