From total feed

Nitrogen removal from total feed as calculated from elemental analyses of distillate and recovered bottoms varied between 23 and 62 wt %. Trapped water and ammonia were observed when the recovered products were distilled, which accounts for the disparity with data in Table V. In subsequent runs this problem was eliminated by using higher separator temperatures. These two values represented the mildest and the most severe conditions used during this run. These results suggest a definite correlation between severity and elimination. Other data, however, fail to show a smooth correlation. 

The heteroatom elimination from total feed is plotted vs. temperature in Figure 11. The data show an increase in sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen removal as the temperature increases. The scatter in the oxygen data is considerably greater than for either nitrogen or sulfur. 

All limits imposed on the model are done using the rows and price inhibitions where possible. Bounds that would provide hard limits using columns are therefore not used. The limits method is used as follows. For equipment capacity, the limit is usually keyed to total feed or some more accurate parameter. So each flow (column) to the equipment draws units of capacity from a capacity tank (row) until the capacity is used up. 

The findings from TOTAL, n-d-M, and API are summarized in Table 2-10. The comparison illustrates how sensitive the predicted feed composition is to the refractive index 20°C. For instance, using the TOTAL correlation, there is a 35% drop in the aromatic content in using RIpo) = 1.5000 instead of RI(2o> = L5105. When using these correlations, every effort should be made to obtain accurate and consistent values for the refractive index at 20°C. With the refractive... 

A better method of increasing LCO yield is through better fractionation upstream. The removal of the fraction under 650°F from the feed requires better stripping. The total refinery yield of diesel will increase when the light ends are fractionated from the feed (Table 6-1). Some of the catalytic routes to maximize LCO yield are ... 

The scheme of the methanation demonstration units is presented in Figure 2. Synthesis gas is heated in heater El and is then mixed with recycle gas. Zinc oxide reactor D1 serves as an emergency catchpot for sulfur breakthrough from the purification plant. The total feed is heated... 

Total feed from caustic scrubber Hydrogen addition First-stage fresh feed First-stage recycle Second-stage fresh feed Second-stage recycle Product gas... 

During extrusion, the blend components are fed into the feed throat of the extruder. Compounding extruders are starve fed. This means that material is conveyed away from the feed throat more rapidly than the raw materials are fed into the barrel. Therefore the volume of raw material introduced is always less than the total available volume of the flights... 

Also, the figures contain nephelometric curves for the product t (that is, for p + s, in the proportions formed in the synthesis) and the fraction o, which was also a thermally precipitating product and deposited onto the walls of the reaction vessel in the course of the copolymerization of NVC1 with NVIAz at their initial molar ratio of 85 15 (Table 1). One can see that the precipitation behaviour of the total product t differs, although the amount of the s-fraction is almost the same at 31-33%. Obviously, this depends on the properties of the s-fraction. For instance, the heat-induced precipitation of the sample t formed from the feed with a comonomer molar ratio of 90 10 (Fig. 3b) is suppressed by the presence of its own s-fraction to a markedly lesser extent when compared to the product t obtained at the comonomer molar ratio of 85 15 (Fig. 3a). Most likely, such differences reflect the divergent influence of the s-fractions on the coagulation processes in the thermo-precipitating fractions of the total product t. These differences, for example different surface... 

The vapor volume is the total volume of the separator minus the volume of the liquid collected and the volume of liquid is the volume collected (separated) from the feed minus the volume of liquid flashed when the static pressure decreases as the flow rate declines. The maximum volume of liquid collected is also a function of pressure—a greater volume is collected at higher pressure, and time. 

Since properties of both phosphate and arsenate are very similar each other, the adsorption of phosphate was examined prior to the adsorption of arsenic species. Here, the feeding solution in the adsorption operation was 1 mM phosphate solution of pH3. Table 1 summarizes detailed experimental conditions and column performances during repeated adsorption-elution-regeneration cycles. Since supplied volumes of the feed are not constant (101 - 193 BV), it is not easy to judge the efficiency of the adsorption from total uptake of phosphate. Thus, removal of phosphate until 100 BV is listed at the last column of Table 1 as an index of the column performances. 

The previously published process design [5] was able to achieve total destruction of the hypochlorite down to levels of less than 100 ppm (or even <1 ppm) from a feed... 

A study of the exchange taking place between Mg pool masses was based on measurement of stable isotope ratios after administration of Mg or Mg doses, and analysis of plasma by ICP-MS . In a study of Mg transport in epithelial cells the isotope ratios were determined by MS for intracellular free Mg(ll) after cell dissolution, as obtained from a feed enriched with Mg, whereas the total free Mg(II) in the cell was determined by a microfluorimetric method using the complex of Mag-fura-2 (34a) with Mg(II) (Section ni.E.4)25. ... 

These gaseous products comprise from 41 to 86 weight % of the total feed reacted. Their striking over-all consistency indicates that a uniform mode of cracking must prevail. 

The space velocity is generally chosen to give conversions of 85 to 95% of the olefins charged. Higher conversions are possible, but uneconomical, as more catalyst is required and catalyst life is reduced. Space velocities, based on total feed, may range from about 0.3 to 0.5 gallon per hour per pound of catalyst or 4.5 to 7.0 cubic feet per hour per pound of catalyst, depending on olefin content of feed and other process variables. 

Kinetic Studies. Peracetic Ac id Decomposition. Studies with manganese catalyst were conducted by the capacity-flow method described by Caldin (9). The reactor consisted of a glass tube (5 inches long X 2 inches o.d.), a small centrifugal pump (for stirring by circulation), and a coil for temperature control (usually 1°C.) total liquid volume was 550 ml. Standardized peracetic acid solutions in acetic acid (0.1-0.4M) and catalyst solutions also in acetic acid were metered into the reactor with separate positive displacement pumps. Samples were quenched with aqueous potassium iodide. The liberated iodine was titrated with thiosulfate. Peracetic acid decomposition rates were calculated from the feed rate and the difference between peracetic acid concentration in the feed and exit streams. 

---