Collective Volumes 1, 2, and

This cumulative index comprises material from Volumes 30-39 for previous volumes see Collective Volumes 1, 2, and 3.)... 

Aminocephalosporanic acid (5.00 g) which passed through a 100-mesh sieve was suspended in boiling ethyl acetate (200 ml), and 2-thienylacetyl chloride (Cagniant, Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 1949,847) (4.42 g, 1.5 equiv.) was added in ethyl acetate (20 ml). The mixture was boiled under reflux for 40 minutes, cooled, and filtered. Aniline (5.03 ml) was added, and after 1 hour the mixture was extracted with 3% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (1 x 150 ml, 2 X 100 ml, 1 x 50 ml) and the alkaline extracts washed with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 ml). The aqueous solution was acidified to pH 1.2, and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 150 ml). The ethyl acetate extract was washed with water (4 x 40 ml), dried (MgS04), and concentrated in vacuo to low volume. The crude 7-2 -thienylacetamidocephalosporanic acid (2.5 g) which separated was collected by filtration. Evaporation of the filtrate gave a further 2.68 g (71%) of the product, which was purified by crystallization from ethyl acetate, then aqueous acetone, MP 150°Cto 157°C (decomp.). 

Although some equations have been developed to relate the properties of compounds to collection efficiencies (1,2,3), some of the equations became quite involved and often required information not readily available for many compounds. Correlations, however, are being developed which relate a property, such as boiling point, to the breakthrough volume (4,5). 

Field-collected sample of presumably clean (uncontaminated) sediment, selected for properties (e.g., particle size, compactness, total organic content) representing sediment conditions that closely match those of the sample(s) of test sediment except for the degree of chemical contaminants. It is often selected from a site that is uninfluenced or minimally influenced by the source(s) of anthropogenic contamination but within the general vicinity of the site(s) where samples of test sediment are collected. A reference sediment should not produce a toxic effect (or have a minimum effect) on a test species. A sample of reference sediment should be included in each series of toxicity tests with test sediment(s). See also Artificial sediment, Positive control sediment and Test sediment. Volume 1(2,13), Volume 2(8). 

Field-collected sample of whole sediment, taken from a marine, estuarine, or freshwater site thought to be contaminated (or potentially so) with one or more chemicals, and intended for use in solid-phase toxicity tests. In some instances, the term also applies to any solid-phase sample (including reference sediment, artificial sediment, negative control sediment, positive control sediment, or dredged material) used in testing. Volume 1(2). 

A number of different sample preparation methods have been described in the literature [37,38], A collection of these protocols is accessible on the Internet [39,40], The original method that is always the most widely used has been called dried-droplet. This method consists of mixing some saturated matrix solution (5-10 pi) with a smaller volume (1-2 pi) of an analyte solution. Then, a droplet (0.5-2 pi) of the resulting mixture is placed on the MALDI probe, which usually consists of a metal plate with a regular array of sites for sample application. The droplet is dried at room temperature and when the liquid has completely evaporated to form crystals, the sample may be loaded into the mass spectrometer. 

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