PERACETIC ACID 40% solution

The possibility exists that strong acidic reaction systems such as hydrogen peroxide in glacial acetic acid may cause isomerization to hydrazones, particularly in the oxidation of aliphatic or aliphatic-aromatic azo compounds. Therefore the much milder perbenzoic acid in an inert solvent has been suggested as an oxidizing agent [7]. Peracetic acid (40% solution) has also been used in conjunction with an indifferent solvent [3, 6]. 

PERACETIC ACID (40% solution In acetic acid) 79-21-0 607-094-00-8 SD8927000 539 2131 679... 

Another method of preparing mercuric acetate is the oxidation of mercury metal using peracetic acid dissolved in acetic acid. Careful control of the temperature is extremely important because the reaction is quite exothermic. A preferred procedure is the addition of approximately half to two-thirds of the required total of peracetic acid solution to a dispersion of mercury metal in acetic acid to obtain the mercurous salt, followed by addition of the remainder of the peracetic acid to form the mercuric salt. The exothermic reaction is carried to completion by heating slowly and cautiously to reflux. This also serves to decompose excess peracid. It is possible and perhaps more economical to use 50% hydrogen peroxide instead of peracetic acid, but the reaction does not go quite as smoothly. 

Although this process has not been commercialized, Daicel operated a 12,000-t/yr propylene oxide plant based on a peracetic acid [79-21-0] process during the 1970s. The Daicel process involved metal ion-catalyzed air oxidation of acetaldehyde in ethyl acetate solvent resulting in a 30% peracetic acid solution in ethyl acetate. Epoxidation of propylene followed by purification gives propylene oxide and acetic acid as products (197). As of this writing (ca 1995), this process is not in operation. 

Iodoxybenzene has been prepared by the disproportionation of iodosobenzene,4Hi by oxidation of iodosobenzene with hypo-chlorous add or bleaching powder,7 and by oxidation of iodobenzene with hypochlorous acid or with sodium hydroxide and bromine.8 Other oxidizing agents used with iodobenzene include air,3 chlorine in pyridine,9 Caro s acid,19-11 concentrated chloric acid,15 and peracetic acid solution.13 Hypochlorite oxidation of iodobenzene dichloride has also been employed.14... 

Preparing peracetic acid by the action of hydrogen peroxide on acetic acid is as hazardous. If the temperature is too low, compounds accumulate and cause the medium to detonate. Using peracetic acid solution as an oxidant causes detonations when its concentration is too high or if evaporation is attempted. An accident happened during such an operation (see reaction below). The best way to eliminate this peracid at the end of the reaction is to heat it in a water bath at a temperature that should not exceed 50°C and under reduced pressure. 

During preparation of peracetic acid solutions for textile bleaching operations, the reaction mixture must be kept acid. Under alkaline conditions, highly explosive diacetyl peroxide separates from solution [1], An excess of the anhydride has the same effect [2],... 

The military also identifies the following "nonstandard" decontaminants Detrochlorite (thickened bleach mixture of diatomaceous earth, anionic wetting agent, calcium hypochlorite, and water), 3% aqueous peracetic acid solution, 1% aqueous hyamine solution, and a 10% aqueous sodium or potassium hydroxide solution. 

This peracetic acid solution is added dropwise to an ice-cooled solution of 17.7 gm (0.1 mole) of the imine prepared above in 50 ml of methylene chloride. The reaction mixture is then stored at 0°C for 16 hr, washed in turn with 200 ml of ice water and 200 ml of a cold 20 % aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer is dried and the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue is covered with 25 ml of ethanol and stored in a refrigerator overnight. 

Kinetic Studies. Peracetic Ac id Decomposition. Studies with manganese catalyst were conducted by the capacity-flow method described by Caldin (9). The reactor consisted of a glass tube (5 inches long X 2 inches o.d.), a small centrifugal pump (for stirring by circulation), and a coil for temperature control (usually 1°C.) total liquid volume was 550 ml. Standardized peracetic acid solutions in acetic acid (0.1-0.4M) and catalyst solutions also in acetic acid were metered into the reactor with separate positive displacement pumps. Samples were quenched with aqueous potassium iodide. The liberated iodine was titrated with thiosulfate. Peracetic acid decomposition rates were calculated from the feed rate and the difference between peracetic acid concentration in the feed and exit streams. 

Peracetic Acid Decomposition. Peracetic acid solutions in acetic acid are stable at 30°C. in the absence of catalyst. Addition of copper (II)... 

SYNTHESIS To asolutionof 68 g 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde in 250mL glacial acetic acid that had been warmed to 25 °C and well stirred, there was added, dropwise, 86 g of a 40% peracetic acid solution (in acetic acid). The reaction was exothermic, and the rate of addition was dictated by the need to maintain the internal temperature within a few degrees of 28 °C. External cooling was used as needed. The addition took 1 h, and when the reaction had clearly been completed (there was... 

It is insensitive to impact but explodes violently at 110°C [1]. The solid acid has exploded at —20°C [2]. Safe procedures (on basis of detonability experiments) for preparation of anhydrous peracetic acid solutions in chloroform or ester solvents have been detailed [3]. However, a case of explosion on impact has been recorded [4]. During vacuum distillation, turning a ground glass stopcock in contact with the liquid... 

Sterilization of a membrane system is also required to control bacterial growth. For cellulose acetate membranes, chlorination of the feed water is sufficient to control bacteria. Feed water to polyamide or interfacial composite membranes need not be sterile, because these membranes are usually fairly resistant to biological attack. Periodic shock disinfection using formaldehyde, peroxide or peracetic acid solutions as part of a regular cleaning schedule is usually enough to prevent biofouling. 

Peracetic acid solution (107.7 g of 9.0 wt % peracetic acid) at ambient temperature was added to a reaction flask equipped with mechanical stirrer and thermocouple, nitrogen inlet adapter and addition funnel. A 20 wt % stock solution of the dienolsilyl ether of codeinone (41.7 g) was added through the addition funnel over a period of about 5 min and the temperature of the contents maintained at 28°C. The batch was stirred at 22°C for at least 3 hours. In order to test reaction completeness, a small sample was withdrawn from the batch and quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The EtOAc layer was spotted onto a TLC plate and subsequently checked for the disappearance of starting dienolsilyl ether of codeinone. The TLC mobile phase was a mixture of 95 5 of dichloromethane and methanol plus 3-5 drops of concentrated ammonium hydroxide. If the reaction was adjudged incomplete, the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for an additional 2 hours then analyzed by TLC again. Alternatively completion of the reaction was pushed by the addition of 10 g of peracetic acid (9.0 wt %) and stirring for an additional 1 h (analysis was then once more performed using TLC). 

A stirred mixture of acetic anhydride (305 ml) and 30% hydrogen peroxide (70 ml) was kept at exactly 40°C for 4 h the use of a thermostated bath is strongly recommended. To the resulting peracetic acid solution, iodobenzene (52 g, 28.5 ml) was added with stirring over 15 min and the clear reaction mixture was kept overnight at room temperature. A part of DIB crystallized out and was collected then ice-water ( 400 ml) was added to the filtrate and a further crop of crystals was obtained. The combined material was washed with cold water and petroleum ether and was dried in a desiccator over sodium hydroxide to yield 55-65 g (67-79%) of crude DIB, m.p. 156-159°C (recrystallized from chloroform, m.p. 163-165°C) this purity is satisfactory in most cases. 

Approximately 40% peracetic acid in acetic acid is available (Becco Chemical Division, Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation, Buffalo 7, New York). Sodium acetate is added to neutralize a small amount of sulfuric acid which is present in the commercial product. The peracetic acid concentration should be determined by titration.2 The peracetic acid solution used by the submitters contained 0.497 g. (0.00655 mole) of peracid per... 

Peracetic acid (40%) is available commercially. Since the epoxycyclopentene reacts rapidly with water, it is desirable to keep the water content of the peracetic acid solution as low as possible. This is the reason for the use of the concentrated peracetic acid solution. 

In a related process, the direct introduction of the hydroxy-group in tertiary positions of the steroid nucleus has been accomplished " " by irradiation of peracetic acid solutions of the steroid. Since both reactions are free-radical processes, it is interesting to note that, whereas in the former method C-9 and C-14... 

Another method, the method of Alexander and Earland [115], consists of oxidation of the disulfide bonds of the keratin to sulfonic acid groups, using aqueous peracetic acid solution, and separation of the oxidized proteins, generally by means of differences in solubilities of the different components of the mixture. The first three fractions in this separation are called keratoses. The amino acid composition of these three fractions isolated from merino wool has been reported by Corfield et al. [116]. 

Continuous exposure to per(oxy) acetic acid at high levels may eventually damage the membranes. Hence, it should be used only periodically. The biocide efficacy of peracetic acid is much higher than that of hydrogen peroxide, but as most peracetic acid solutions also contain hydrogen peroxide, care must be exercised not to exceed the 0.2% concentration total for both compounds. 

If an alkaline cleaning has preceded sanitisation, alkalinity must be carefully rinsed out of the membrane vessels, and the pH checked before hydrogen peroxide or hydrogen peroxide/peracetic acid solution is applied. The rinse must include the permeate side. If the alkahnity is not rinsed out, the membranes may get oxidised. 

In the event of a spiU, remove all ignition sources, soak up the peracetic acid solution with a spill pillow or a noncombustible absorbent material such as vermiculite, place in an appropriate container, and dispose of properly. Respiratory protection may be necessary in the event of a large spUl or release in a confined area. 

Diphenic acid. Phenanthrene upon oxidation in acetic acid solution at 85° with 30 per cent, hydrogen peroxide gives diphenic acid (diphenyl-2 2 -di-carboxyHc acid) no phenanthraquinone is formed under these experimental conditions. The reaction is essentially an oxidation of phenanthrene with peracetic acid. (For another method of preparation, see Section I V,74.)... 

Peracids are also available as aqueous solutions that contain the peracid in equihbrium with hydrogen peroxide and the parent acid. Peracetic acid [79-21-0] is commercially available as a 40% solution in dilute acetic acid. The water and dilution of the peracid make these solutions easier to handle than their sohd counterparts, but they still require careful handling and protection from heat. 

Synthetic Fibers. Most synthetic fibers are sufficientiy white and do not requite bleaching. For white fabrics, unbleached synthetic fibers with duorescent whitening agents are usually used. When needed, synthetic fibers and many of theit blends are bleached with sodium chlorite solutions at pH 2.5—4.5 for 30—90 min at concentrations and temperatures that depend on the type of fiber. Solutions of 0.1% peracetic acid are also used at pH 6—7 for 1 h at 80—85°C to bleach nylon. 

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