Vapor volume

D = Tank diameter, ft avg. outage = Average vapor space, ft Vq = Vapor volume, scf... 

Apart from such trough chambers there are also S-chamber systems (small chambers, sandwich chambers) with deliberately reduced vapor volumes, which are specially suited to adsorptive separations. Such chambers are available for vertical and horizontal development (Fig. 58). Different separation results are naturally obtained in trough and S-chambers [8]. 

The volume of the vapor is 0.10 x 22.7 = 2.27 m. The explosion energy of the vapor can be calculated by multiplying the expansion work per unit volume by the vapor volume ... 

St. Pierre, C. C., and S. G. Bankoff, 1967, Vapor Volume Profiles in Developing Two-Phase Flow, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 10 231. (3)... 

The autoignition temperature (AIT) of a vapor, sometimes called the spontaneous ignition temperature (SIT), is the temperature at which the vapor ignites spontaneously from the energy of the environment. The autoignition temperature is a function of the concentration of vapor, volume of vapor, pressure of the system, presence of catalytic material, and flow conditions. It is essential to experimentally determine AITs at conditions as close as possible to process conditions. 

The vapor volume is the total volume of the separator minus the volume of the liquid collected and the volume of liquid is the volume collected (separated) from the feed minus the volume of liquid flashed when the static pressure decreases as the flow rate declines. The maximum volume of liquid collected is also a function of pressure—a greater volume is collected at higher pressure, and time. 

Dihedral angle in a foreign vapor Volume of a molecule or atom... 

Predictions of the vapor volume and enthalpy departure for a water containing natural gases were compared with data being generated by Hall and coworkers at Texas A M under GPA sponsorship (10). Both equations of state performed well the average error Tn the predicted volume was less than one percent (abs) and the absolute average error in the predicted enthalpy departure was about four KJ/kg. 

C is an apparatus constant. Usually C, a, and KH are temperature dependent, but a and Kh more so than C. Also In (a) behaves analogously to VPIE and normally increases as temperature falls according to 1/T or 1 /T2 (Chapter 5), while KH typically increases exponentially as temperature falls. These two criteria conflict so far as the best choice of temperature is concerned, and for good separations it is necessary to determine the optimum compromise. With a and KH set by the selection of operating system and temperature, resolution is proportional to Vg/Vc. For maximum resolution the vapor volume is increased by electing open tubular columns, i.e. wetted wall columns with minimal liquid loading, and therefore minimal capacity. 

The column contains a total of N-p theoretical trays. The liquid holdup on each tray including the downcomer is M . The liquid on each tray is assumed to be perfectly mixed with composition x,. The holdup of the vapor is assumed to be negligible throughout the system. Although the vapor volume is large, the number of moles is usually small because the vapor density is so much smaller than the liquid density. This assumption breaks down, of course, in high-pressure columns. 

A total molar balance is written for the entire vapor volume in the column, reflux drum, and overhead piping (FIoJ. The molar flow rates into this lumped vapor... 

Association The association in the vapor phase of organic adds seems to vary inversely as the temperature for some acids, at least for part of the range. In part of the range, and also apparently for some adds over the whole range, the association is fairly constant. The association is given in these sheets oy the formula Mx = p — rt. For instance, for acetic acid this formula would be Mx = 2.225 - 0.004085 t from 0° C. to 100° C. From 100° C. to a Tr of 0.92, Mx = 1.85. That is to say, the vapor density as calculated by the A, B formula would have to be multiplied by this correction factor to take care of the association. Further, if the reciprocal of the density is used as calculated to give volume, it would be necessary to divide by 1.85 to get the actual vapor volume. 

Let s refer to Fig. 16.2. As the cooling water warms, the temperature of condenser 1 increases. This also increases the condensing pressure. This raises the discharge pressure of the primary jet (jet 1), as well as the pressure in the diffuser throat (see Fig. 16.1). Higher pressure will result in a smaller vapor volume. And a smaller vapor volume will cause a reduction of the velocity in the diffuser throat. 

Fig< 9.9. Signer-type isopiestic molecular weight apparatus. The sample, standard, and solvent are introduced through the upper tubes, which are then sealed off after freezing the solutions and evacuating the apparatus. The apparatus is allowed to stand in the position shown to allow maximum exposure of the solution to the vapor. Volumes of the standard and unknown solutions are found by tipping the apparatus so the calibrated legs are filled. 

---