Formularies

These white oils are subject to specifications from various organizations Codex in France, British Pharmacopoeia" (BP) in the United Kingdom, and National Formulary (NF) in the USA. 

U.S. Pharmacopeia XX, (USP XX-NF XV), The United States Pharmacopeial Convention Inc., Rockville, Md., 1980 National Formulary XIW, Amehcan Pharmaceutical Association, Washington, D.C., 1975. 

Specifications and Analysis. R%-MaHc acid that is sold in the United States meets the specifications of the Food Chemicals Codex and National Formulary, which are Hsted in Table 5 (40,41). MaHc acid is available in the following U.S. standard sieve sizes ... 

Parameter or substance Food Chemicals Codex National Formulary... 

Tomah Products, Product Bulletin, 1989 Formulary, Exxon Chemical Company, Miltom, Wis., Aug. 1, 1989. 

Sorbic acid is produced and marketed in the United States in the dust-free powder form. The 1995 tmckload (TL) Hst price was U.S. 8.60— 8.80/kg for food grade and 12.41/kg for National Formulary (NF) grade. Water-soluble potassium sorbate is marketed as a powder or as granules. The 1995 TL Hst price was U.S. 7.90— 8.15/kg for food grade and 11.75/kg for NF grade. In addition to Eastman, the only U.S. producer, there are four Japanese producers and two producers in the European Union. Worldwide consumption in 1994 was approximately 2700—3000 metric tons and the nameplate productive capacity was approximately 2900—3100 metric tons. 

Table 4. National Formulary And Food Chemicals Codex Specifications...

Grades are T = technical, SQ = special quality, NF = National Formulary and Ph = photo. 

The use of fragrant substances has been continuous, and the use of Hpids or emoUients for anointing is fully documented in historical writings. However, it is probably not justifiable to identify the recipes passed on from antiquity as cosmetics. The compositions based on folklore and mysticism were replaced by more scientifically acceptable products beginning about 1875. The first edition of a handbook of cosmetic chemistry pubHshed in 1920 included a foreword noting that scientific cosmetic chemistry did not exist prior to that pubHcation (1). A few years later, texts on cosmetic chemistry and other formularies became available (2). 

W. Schmidt, Curing Systems for Neoprene, Du Pont Bulletin NP-330.1,1982 J. C. Bament, Neoprene Compounding and Processing Guide Plus Formulary, E. 

Y. Debuf, The Veterinary Formulary Handbook of Medicines Used in Veterinary Practice, The Pharmaceutical Press, London, 2nd edn., 1994. 

Deiitscher Arzneimittel-Codex (German Drug Formulary) 1986 First-Fourth Supplement 1986-1992. Ergiinzungsbueh zum Deutschen Arzneibuch (Supplement Volume to German Pharmacopoeia, Sixth edition 1926). Reprinted 1953. 

Arecoline is usually stated to be present to the extent of 0-1 per cent., but Chemnitius gives the yield of hydrobromide as 0-35 to 0-4 per cent. Arecaidine and guvacine occur in smaller quantities, whilst guvacoline and arecolidine are found only in minute amounts. Alkaloidal assay processes for areca nuts have been published by Bourcet, and the National Formulary Committee, and Bond has described a method of estimation for arecoline hydrobromide. A microchemical test for the identification of arecoline has been devised by Gornyi. ... 

Among the different families of tantalum and niobium complex fluorides and oxyfluorides, the family of compounds with an X Me ratio equal to 6 is the largest. Table 22 presents the main structural characteristics of hexafluoroniobates and hexafluorotantalates. All known cases of niobium- and tantalum-containing formulary analogs have the same crystal structure type, at least at ambient temperature. 

Name listed in The United Sates Pharmacopeia-National Formulary may be the same as the generic name. 

For further information, see the current issue of the British National Formulary. 

British National Formulary. London British Medical Association The Pharmaceutical Press. (The chapter on drugs used in the treatment of infections is a particularly useful section. New editions of the BNF appear at regular intervals.)... 

Chlorine and iodine have been used extensively since their introduction as disinfecting agents in the early 19th century. Preparations containing these halogens such as Dakin s solution and tincture of iodine were early inclusions in many pharmacopoeiae and national formularies. More recent formulations of these elemens have improved activity, stability and ease of use. 

Implants are small, sterile cylinders of dmg, inserted beneath the skin or into muscle hssue to provide slow absorption and prolonged achon therapy. This is principally based on the fact that such dmgs, invariably hormones, are almost insoluble in water and yet the implant provides a rate of dissoluhon sufficient for a therapeuhc effect. The British Pharmacopoeia (1993) describes one implant, testosterone. The United States National Formulary (1990) also ineludes oestradiol. Implants are made fiom the pure drug into tablet form by compression or fusion. No other ingredient can be included sinee this may be insoluble or toxie or, most importantly, may influence the rate of drug release. 

The current British Pharmacopoeia and British National Formulary should be consulted for further information, including toxic manifestations. 

U.S. Pharmacopeia National Formulary. (1995) U.S. Pharmacopoeia Convention Inc., Rockville, MD. 

The 2000 U.S. Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary, USP 24-NF 19, was published in October 1999. It became official on 01.01.2000. USP-NF is one of, if not the most, widely recognized of the world s pharmacopoeial compendia of standards for drug strength, quality, purity, packaging, labelling and storage. USP-NF also provides standards for devices and diagnostics, as well as nutritional supplements. 

A statement of each method used in the testing of the sample. The statement shall indicate the location of data that establish that the methods used in the testing of the sample meet proper standards of accuracy and reliability as applied to the product tested. (If the method employed is in the current revision of the United States Pharmacopeia, National Formulary, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Book of Methods, or in other recognized standard references, or is detailed in an approved new drug application and the referenced method is not modified, a statement indicating the method and reference will suffice). The suitability of all testing methods used shall be verified under actual conditions of use. 

Select an agent to minimize adverse drug reactions and interactions when additional drug therapy is needed. Does the patient have prescription coverage or is the recommended agent in the formulary ... 

When sufficient evidence is available to determine that the patient has real seizures and is at risk for another seizure, pharmacotherapy is usually started (Fig. 27-2). The patient should be in agreement with the plan, be willing to take the medication, and be able to monitor seizure frequency and adverse drug effects in some way. Design of an appropriate pharmacotherapeutic plan is based on the patient s seizure type, the common adverse-effect profile of possible AEDs, and economic factors (e.g., cost of the drug, insurance formulary, and ability to pay). Other patient factors such as gender, concomitant drugs, age, and lifestyle also need to be considered. 

Conversion from one dosage form to another or from one opioid to another may be necessary in situations such as ineffective pain control, emergence of side effects, change in patient status, and in formulary restrictions. Equianalgesic doses should be I used when converting from one opioid to another. Clinicians... 

Since many AR treatment options are available OTC, patients often self-treat unless symptoms are intolerable. Additionally, patients without medical insurance or formulary coverage are more likely to purchase OTC agents. Health care providers should ask patients about OTC medication history (i.e., effectiveness of and adverse effects with previously used agents) when selecting AR therapy. 

A number of EN formulas are marketed commercially Hospitals and long-term care facilities usually limit their formularies of EN formulas, stocking only a limited number of... 

---