Adverse drug reaction minimizing

The expected outcomes for the patient depend on the type and severity of the seizure but may include an optimal response to tiierapy (control of seizure), management of common adverse drug reactions (includes minimizing injury and maintaining normal oral mucous membranes), reduction in anxiety, and an understanding of and compliance with the prescribed therapeutic regimen. 

Select an agent to minimize adverse drug reactions and interactions when additional drug therapy is needed. Does the patient have prescription coverage or is the recommended agent in the formulary ... 

Every patient receiving antimicrobial therapy for skin and soft tissue infections must be monitored for efficacy and safety. Efficacy typically is manifested by reductions in temperature, white blood cell count, erythema, edema, and pain that begin within 48 to 72 hours. To ensure safety, dose antibiotics according to renal and hepatic function as appropriate, and monitor for and minimize adverse drug reactions, allergic reactions, and drug interactions. 

The goals of treatment of pharyngitis are to improve clinical signs and symptoms, minimize adverse drug reactions, prevent transmission to close... 

GRDF is the formulation of choice when the drug is mainly absorbed in the upper GI tract, and a reduction of plasma level fluctuations is required to minimize concentration-dependant adverse drug reactions. 

The transfer of penicillins (ampicillin, pivampiciUin, phenoxymethylpeniciUm) into the breast milk of nursing mothers with puerperal mastitis to the breastfed infant is minimal (205). The risk of adverse drug reactions due to penicillins is therefore negligible, unless the infant has penicillin allergy (SEDA-14, 215). 

Genetic variations that impact a patient s drug sensitivity can lead to adverse reactions, toxicity, or therapeutic failure [56]. Of 27 drugs frequently cited in adverse drug reaction studies, 59% are metabolized by at least one enzyme with a variant allele known to cause poor metabolism [57]. That compares with 7% to 22% of randomly selected drugs. Tailoring therapy based upon each individual s genotype should yield increased therapeutic effectiveness and minimize adverse effects. 

The availability of new routes of administration have led to increased utility and decreased opioid adverse drug reaction risk. Epidural and intrathecal administration through spinal catheters produces adequate regional analgesia at relatively low total doses compared with intravenous or oral routes. As such, spinal administration can thus minimize somnolence, nausea, vomiting, and respiratory depression associated with these medications. Other alternative routes include intranasal administration of butorphanol, and rectal and transdermal administration of fentanyl [28]. Availability of such options provides not only a decreased risk of adverse reactions, but also more comfortable measures for patients who would otherwise require continued intravenous administration, or for those who are unable to receive oral medication [28,29]. 

Slow medication dosage titration with careful monitoring should be done to minimize the incidence of troubling adverse drug reactions. 

The goals of treatment of pharyngitis are to improve clinical signs and symptoms, minimize adverse drug reactions, prevent transmission to close contacts, and prevent acute rheumatic fever and suppurative complications, such as peritonsillar abscess, cervical lymphadenitis, and mastoiditis. ... 

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