Formulary control

Rawson, K. The next coverage hurdle Pharmacogenomics as formulary control tool. RPM Report 2006, 1, No. 11. Available at www.windhover.com/ezine/pdf/Payors0611.pdf. 

Conversion from one dosage form to another or from one opioid to another may be necessary in situations such as ineffective pain control, emergence of side effects, change in patient status, and in formulary restrictions. Equianalgesic doses should be I used when converting from one opioid to another. Clinicians... 

Trade associations and the compendia also played an important role in drug product control and quality during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF) established standards of potency and... 

In the early 1900s, the U.S. Pharmacopeia, National Formulary had excellent quality control guidelines and safe dosages for hundreds of herbs [25]. Products that are labeled as conforming to the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) or National Formulary (NF) standards should be recommended whenever possible. A product labeled as USP indicates that the active ingredient has been approved by the FDA or, alternately, that the use has been accepted by the USP. If the label contains the NF designation, the product has been neither approved by... 

Data from American Pain Society. Prinaples of Analgesic Use in the Treatment of Acute Pain and Chronic Cancer Pan, 5th ed. Glenview, IL American Pain Society, 2003 Anonymous. American Hospital Formulary Service. In Mc/oyGK, ed. Drug Information. Bethesda, MD American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 1987, 1991, 1994, 1997, 1999,2001,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007 Anonymous. Facts and Comparisons. Philadelphia Lippincott, 1986, 1991, 1994, 1997,2000,2003,2004,2006,20Q7 and Watkins PB, Kaplowitz N, Slattery TJ, et al. Aminotransferase elevations in healthy adults receiving 4 grams of acetaminophen daily A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2006 296 87-93. 

The extent of regulatory control also varies. In some countries a formal decision to list (or not list) the drug for reimbursement on the national or provincial formulary is made. In others, evidence-based guidance on the... 

Control of excipients is often built around the various pharmacopeial standards including the British Pharmacopoeia (BP), European Pharmacopoeia (PhEur), Japanese Pharmacopeia (JP) and the United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary (USP/NF). The use of excipients that conform to a compendium ensures that the material meets the established specifications and acceptance criteria. This provides a handle on the batch-to-batch variability of the excipients used, as well as an option to select from multiple vendors for controlling the cost of goods. However, the pharmaceutical industry has long recognized that these standards are... 

Automatic stop orders Controlled-substances considerations Formulary status or tier of medication >... 

In contrast to open formularies, closed formularies are strictly controlled. Only certain agents are available and strict therapeutic substitution with the most recognized agent within a pharmacological class is standard procedure. The purpose of this type of formulary is to assure availability of all needed products at the least cost of inventory investment. Because this mechanism of control maintains the least costly of products, it is ostensibly the most cost effective. However, significant restrictions on medication use often produce dissatisfaction and dissension among the health care practitioners and patients. Further, Horn et al. (1996) suggest that strictly controlled formularies may increase overall health care costs. 

Further controls exist at the provincial level at which each province maintains a published formulary... 

The United States Pharmacopeia National Formulary is a book that contains strength and purity standards for the manufacturing and control of medication. A medication that is listed in the United States Pharmacopeia National Formulary has the letters U.S.P. following its official name. 

The restrictions that control the supply of medicines to nurses refers to registered nurses who are qualified to order drugs, medicines and appliances from the Nurse Prescribers Formulary for Community Practitioners in current editions of the British National Formulary and Drug Tariff. 

Nurses who are independent non-medical prescribers (formerly extended formulary nurse prescribers) may prescribe certain controlled drugs for certain medical conditions (see Section 3.2.5). These drugs and the conditions which they may be prescribed within... 

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