Foods commercial enzymes, applications

Pectinex Ultra SP-L is a commercial enzyme preparation from Aspergillus acu-leatus that is used in the food industry for reducing viscosity in fruit juice processing. It contains different pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzymes [29]. In addition, the existence of fructosyltransferase activity in Pectinex Ultra SP-L has been reported by several authors [30-32]. In recent years, we have investigated the purification, characterization, and application of the fructosyltransferase from A. aadeatus contained in this commercial preparation [33]. 

Proposed or Emerging Enzyme Applications. Several new enzymes and/or new applications are known today but are not commercialized or widely used. Induction time, changes in economics, food regulations, or processing practices could result in overnight acceptance of what now seem to be unfamiliar, marginal, or uneconomic applications. Textured soy was not accepted until the price of meat dramatically increased. Table IV lists examples of proposed enzymes and new or limited applications. However, it contains only a fraction of the possibilities. 

This book is based predominantly on the patent literature and provides how to data regarding the production, purification, and application of commercial enzymes. Coverage is not limited to food applications, and 70 subjects are grouped as Enzymes, Enzymatic Processing, Enzyme Stabilization, Polymer-Enzyme Products, Cell Culture, Protein Analysis, Nucleic Acids etc.. Amino Acids, Peptide Synthesis, and Applications. Indexing includes U.S. patent number, company and patent assignee, inventor, and subject. 

The application of biotechnological methods to enhance food components is necessary. Valuable reviews on biotechnological fat and oil modification have been written in recent years (Bomscheuer, 1999, 2000). Progress in the enzymatic modification of fats and oils has resulted from the knowledge of lipases gathered within the past 10 years (EC 3.1.1.3) and made commercial enzymes increasingly more available (Schmid and Verger, 1998 Woolley and Peterson, 1994). 

The problems of choosing one of the several commercial enzymes for a specific food system application are (1) wide ranges in enzyme activities assayed by different methods, (2) batch to batch variability, (3) different pH and temperature profiles depending on the source, (4) activators or inhibitors necessary for the reaction, and (5) compatibility of combining two or more enzymes. ... 

The application of enzymes to organic synthesis is a small market, so most commercial enzymes are intended for other applications. For example, laundry detergents contain subtilisin to aid removal of food and blood stains. Commercial enzymes are sold by their properties that are not based on structure Many commercial enzymes are mixtures of pardy purified proteins and inert carriers. Table 5.2. Their composition is often proprietary, making it difficult to cormect properdes to specific stiucmres. 

Polysaccharide degrading enzymes have a long history of commercial application in food processing, horticulture, agriculture, and protein research. As with most other industrial enzymes, the economic use of polysaccharidases often depends on obtaining the maximum activity lifetime in the process environment and/or securing a recovery system that permits the sensible reuse of active enzymes from process streams. 

Many applications of enzymes exist today in many, veiy different industries. In this chapter, first a short description is given of the various industries where enzymes are used as processing aids or processed into final products. Further in this chapter examples from the detergent, feed, textile and food industiy are worked out in detail, highlighting technical, commercial and social aspects to reckon with when developing and applying enzymes for these purposes. 

The commercial availability of enzymes or whole cell biocatalysts for a desired biotransformation is freqnently a limiting factor for commercial application of biocatalysts. Enzymes that are cheaply available are typically used in detergents, processing of food, feed and textiles, as well as in waste management applications. Most of these are hydrolytic enzymes, bnt also isomerases (e.g. glucose isomerase) and oxidorednctases are used on indnstrial scale (Table 5.1). 

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