Food Waste Treatment

Technologies for treatment of aqueous food industry waste streams  

Reduction of BOD and COD is one of the most pressing tasks for a process treating wastes such as those discussed above. Traditional bioconversion technologies for achieving that aim are essentially those developed for sewage treatment and are used widely. They include  

FIGURE 3.4 Reaction scheme for anaerobic digestion of particulate organic material of FVW (Bouallagui et at, 2005). 

The biochemical methane potential of 54 fruits and vegetable wastes samples and eight standard biomass samples were determined by Gunaseelan (2004) to compare the extents and the rates of their conversion 

Anaerobic digestion of wastewater from jam industries was studied in a continuous reactor with different OLRs and the optimum OLR was 6.5 kgCOD/m3/day when it was operated with 3 days HRT. The biodegradability of wastewater in batch experiments was about 90%. The removal effciency of total COD and soluble COD were found to 82% and 85%, respectively. The specific methane production was 0.28 m3/kg of COD removed/day (Mohan and Sunny, 2008). 

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EPD (Environmental Protection Department of HKSAR), Development of Food Waste Treatment Facilities in Hong Kong http //www.epd.gov.hk/ epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/prob solutions/WFdev OWTF.html (accessed on 14 April 2013). 

Pleissner, D., Kwan, T.H., Lin, C.S.K., 2014. Fungal hydrolysis in submerged fermentation for food waste treatment and fermentation feedstock preparation. Bioresource Technology 158,48-54. 

Uses are estimated to be manufacture of hydrosulfites and other chemicals, 40% pulp and paper, 23% food and agriculture (mainly corn processing), 14% water and waste treatment, 9% metal and ore refining, 6% oil recovery and refining, 4% and miscellaneous, including sulfonation of oils and as a reducing agent or antioxidant, 4% (270,271). 

Wastes from waste treatment facilities, off-site waste water treatment plants and the water industry Municipal wastes and similar commercial, industrial and institutional wastes including separately collected fractions Waste from agricultural, horticultural, hunting, fishing and aquaculture primary production, food preparation and processing... 

The bugs, as the microorganisms are frequently called, can also get sick and die if they are not treated properly. They dislike rapid changes in types of food (organic compounds), pH, and temperature a pH below 6.5 or above 9.0, a salt concentration in excess of 5,000 mg/1 and the presence in any more than trace quantities (10 mg/1) of heavy metals.34 If they are killed, the only way to obtain a new group of residents for the waste-treatment system is to grow them, and this takes time. 

Direct or technology use use of C02 with different technologies and market applications such as use for oil recovery, for dry cleaning, waste carbonation, food, water treatment or extraction with supercritical C02 compounds, including others. 

Chemical synthesis is one important aspect of the application of radiation-chemical reactions in industry. Various kinds of radiation-induced syntheses are available, some of which will be described here. There are also nonsynthetic applications including, but not limited to, food irradiation, waste treatment, and sterilization by irradiation. Some of these will be taken up in the next section. 

Food-to-microorganism (F/M) ratio, in biological waste treatment, 25 830, 896, 897, 898... 

Water cooling systems, 10 150-151 Water-correcting agents, in food, 12 67 Watercraft waste treatment of, 25 916 Water cycle... 

The waste products of a home include paper, containers, tin cans, aluminum cans, and food scraps, as well as sewage. The waste products of industry and commerce include paper, wood, and metal scraps, as well as agricultural waste products. Biodegradable wastes, such as paper fines and industrial biosludge, into mixed alcohol fuels (e g., isopropanol, isobutanol, isopentanol). The wastes are first treated with lime to enhance reactivity. Then, they are converted to volatile fatly acids (VFAs) such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, using a mixed culture of microorganisms derived from cattle rumen or anaerobic waste treatment facihties. 

As we mentioned previously, the research on the field of nanomaterials is at a primitive stage and literature mainly focuses on the benefits of using such particles for environmental load reduction, waste treatment, and source pollution control, as well as the toxicological and health issues accompanying the use of such materials. As a consequence, there are still few methods developed for food matrices and even lesser monitoring schemes applied. Currently, no data have been noticed reporting the occurrence on nanomaterial residues in food and just one work has been published till now reporting the occurrence of nanoparticle (fullerenes) in real environmental samples [6]. 

Baking and food processing Brewing and fermentation Forest products Detergents Specialty chemicals Waste treatment... 

Today their initial work on the preparation of suitable asymmetric membranes has touched nearly every aspect of life including uses in water purification, food technology, biological separations, waste treatment, medical applications, and bioengineering, and this appears to be just the beginning. 

Weckstrom, L. Leisola, M. In Fuels, Chemicals, Foods and Waste Treatment. Adv. in Biotechnology, Moo-Young, M., Ed. Pergamon Press Toronto, 1981 11(4) 21-26. 

Porges, N. 1956. Waste treatment by optimal aeration—Theory and practice in dairy waste disposed, J. Milk Food Technol. 19, 34-38. 

Porges, N. 1958. Practiced application of laboratory data to dairy waste treatment. Food Technol 12, 78-80. 

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