Flowchart

Action is usually a small setpoint change. Usually indicates a process shift. Using the average of the last two results, adjust according to the product directive. 

Three results in a row or three out of four results above yellow (+1 sigma) or below yellow (-1 sigma). 

Two results in a row or two out of three results above orange (+2 sigma) or below orange (-2 sigma). 

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A detailed flowchart describ ing a more finely divided set of subcategories of isomers appears in the February 1990 issue of the Journal of Chem ical Education... 

FIGURE 22 6 Flowchart showing the synthetic origin of aryl diazonium ions and their most useful transfer mations... 

Problem Solving Methods Most, if not aU, problems or applications that involve mass transfer can be approached by a systematic-course of action. In the simplest cases, the unknown quantities are obvious. In more complex (e.g., iTmlticomponent, multiphase, multidimensional, nonisothermal, and/or transient) systems, it is more subtle to resolve the known and unknown quantities. For example, in multicomponent systems, one must know the fluxes of the components before predicting their effective diffusivities and vice versa. More will be said about that dilemma later. Once the known and unknown quantities are resolved, however, a combination of conservation equations, definitions, empirical relations, and properties are apphed to arrive at an answer. Figure 5-24 is a flowchart that illustrates the primary types of information and their relationships, and it apphes to many mass-transfer problems. 

FIG. 5-24 Flowchart iUnstrating problem solving approach using mass-transfer rate expressions in the context of mass conservation. 

A descriptive flowchart has been prepared by Sparks Materials at Low Temperatures, ASM, Metal Park, OH, 1983) to show the temperature range of ciyogenic thermometers in general use today. Parese and Mohnar (Modem Gas-Based Temperature and Pres.sure Measurements, Plenum, New York, 1992) provide details on gas- and vapor-pressure thermometiy at these temperatures. 

All five elements combine to help ensure that the tolling operation is performed safely, efficiently, and in an environmentally sound manner. The ultimate reward to industry for embracing applicable good practices presented in this guideline is a vibrant business with minimized risk. The flowchart on page 3 shows the basic process for tolling as presented in this guideline. 

Figure 3-1 provides a flowchart depicting the process described in this chapter. 

Figure 3-1. Mutual agreements, obligations, and considerations flowchart...

The flowchart on the next page shows an overview of steps for the pre-startup and startup phases of a typical tolling process. 

The following sections provide guidance and some examples for addressing these ongoing activities. The flowchart on the next page shows a typical sequence of ongoing operations and audits. 

Figure 5-1. Ongoing operations audits and follow-up flowchart...

Figure 6.1 is a flowchart that shows a typical progression for closing a tolling process. 

Figure 5 is an example of a decision tree you may find useful when considering QRA for particular process safety applications. The decision tree illustrates a flowchart of questions you can ask yourself (or others) to decide how far through the process of risk analysis to go to satisfy a need for increased risk understanding. 

The forming and joining of ceramics is summarised in the flowchart of Table 19.2. 

Figure 14-9 also shows a flowchart for analysis of wet and dry precipitation. The process involves weight determinations, followed by pH and conductivity measurements, and finally chemical analysis for anions and cations. The pH measurements are made with a well-calibrated pH meter, with extreme care taken to avoid contaminating the sample. The metal ions Ca, Mg, Na, and are determined by flame photometry, which involves absorption of radiation by metal ions in a hot flame. Ammorda and the anions Cl, S04 , NO3 , and P04 are measured by automated colorimetric techniques. 

Design the power supply schematically, guided by the design flowcharts. 

C. Follow the order of the design flowchart and refer to the appropriate section within the book. Within each section, read the basic operation of that subcircuit. Then choose a design implementation that would best... 

The patient may suffer from shock, in proportion to the extent of the injury. Give small drinks and keep warm do not overheat. In all cases, speed of treatment is crucial to limit the effects of burns. Flowcharts which summarize the initial procedures for electrical, thermal and chemical burns respectively are shown in Figure 13.5. 

Fig ure 5-1. Flowchart for reactor design. (Source R. Scott with N. Macleod, Process Design Case Studies." Used with permission of IChemE, 1992.)... 

Figure 7-25. Flowchart shows the main issues in deciding the use of either a static mixer or an agitated tank. (Source Myers, K., et at., Chem. Eng. Prog., June 1997. Used with permission of AlChE. Copyright 1997. All rights reserved.)...

This Part of the book could as well have been titled "Synthesis in Action" for it consists of specific multistep sequences of reactions which have been demonstrated by experiment to allow the synthesis of a variety of interesting target molecules. Graphical flowcharts for each synthesis define precisely the pathway of molecular construction in terms of individual reactions and reagents. Each synthetic sequence is accompanied by references to the original literature. 

This annex of the Rules contains a flowchart identifying the key stages in the audit process from the initial request for certification through to issue of the certificate. Pre-audit is not a documentation audit. Supplier must provide all required data prior to site visit. 

Process specifications Process flowchart Floor plan... 

Do depict the system by diagrams and flowcharts as well as by text. 

Do display process flowcharts in strategic areas to remind staff of the relationships. 

The flowchart in Figure 18.1 shows an evaluation stage in the training process, but how do you do it ... 

Documenting the Process. The net effect of these steps is a process description, defined in terms of customers and suppliers and their interaction. Next, the team can summarize that description in the form of a process flowchart, to illustrate the roles and responsibilities of each process stakeholder (see Figure 6-8). This chart provides the basis for developing standard operating procedures, or other process documentation, that the company can incorporate into existing practices. 

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