Substitution flowchart

A variant of the method discussed in this chapter has been proposed by C. A. R. Hoare using a set of axioms and rules of inference to establish partial correctness of programs. The method of Hoare appears more flexible in that axioms and rules can be introduced to cover various constructs of particular programming languages and their implementations, but also appears, at least to this author, even more cumbersome and unwieldy than the Floyd-Manna-King approach when applied to simple flowchart-like programs. The formal mathematical justification for both approaches is the same. Basically, the approach used to date employs "forward substitution" from hypothesis assertion to conclusion assertion while the Hoare... 

Write the extent of reaction equation (4.6-3) for methane, oxygen, and CO2. Use each equation to determine the extent of reaction, substituting inlet and outlet values from the flowchart. 

To perform energy balance calculations on a reactive system, proceed much as you did for nonreactive systems (a) draw and label a flowchart (b) use material balances and phase equilibrium relationships such as Raoult s law to determine as many stream component amounts or flow rates as possible (c) choose reference states for specific enthalpy (or internal energy) calculations and prepare and fill in an inlet-outlet enthalpy (or internal energy) table and (d) calculate AH (or AC/ or A/C), substitute the calculated value in the appropriate form of the energy balance equation, and complete the required calculation. 

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (Ag + Dg) Approaches to Mechanisms Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Flowchart... 

Figure 452 A general flowchart for electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Fig. 3.1 Flowchart with decision points for substitution. Adapted from [31] by the same author.

Figure 9.8 shows a flowchart that allows you to predict the major product of substitution or elimination reactions. Use the chart as a guide to the following discussion. Alternatively, you can follow the discussion by referring to Table 9.11. 

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