Flow performance tests

Verify firewater pump startup on low pressure indication if such capability has been provided and tested while flow performance testing is undertaken. 

The following is a generic test procedure that may be used to undertake a flow performance test of the firewater distribution network. 

When testing to estabhsh the thermodynamic performance of a steam turbine, the ASME Performance Test Code 6 should be followed as closely as possible. The effec t of deviations from code procedure should be carefully evaluated. The flow measurement is particularly critical, and Performance Test Code 19 gives details of flow nozzles and orifices. The test requirements should be carefully studied when the piping is designed to ensure that a meaningful test can be conducted. 

Another potential problem is due to rotor instability caused by gas dynamic forces. The frequency of this occurrence is non-synchronous. This has been described as aerodynamic forces set up within an impeller when the rotational axis is not coincident with the geometric axis. The verification of a compressor train requires a test at full pressure and speed. Aerodynamic cross-coupling, the interaction of the rotor mechanically with the gas flow in the compressor, can be predicted. A caution flag should be raised at this point because the full-pressure full-speed tests as normally conducted are not Class IASME performance tests. This means the staging probably is mismatched and can lead to other problems [22], It might also be appropriate to caution the reader this test is expensive. 

Normal fire protection practices and standards recommend fire pumps be tested annually to determine performance levels. Common practice in the petroleum industry is to trend the result of flow performance to prepare predictive maintenance and replacement forecasts. Such forecast can predict poor pump performance and prepare measures to implement corrective actions before this occurs. 

The LC control software, either stand-alone or as part of an overall data-handling system, should be tested by means of a separate OQ protocol. This protocol only needs to address the communica-tions/control integrity of the hardware (e.g., setting up a run/sequence with the proper instrument parameters, the ability to start and stop the pump, etc.). It should cover all the required instrument control functions listed as part of the protocol s functional specifications. It does not need to include specific hardware performance testing, such as linearity or flow rate. The latter tests are performed separately, as part of the individual hardware validation described below. 

Typically, either airflow velocity or air flow volume testing will be performed. Total volume may in turn be used to determine the air exchange rate (room air volume changes per hour) for the clean room. 

Air flow velocity (unidirectional) test The work zone for which air flow velocities are measured is the unidirectional air flow volume designated for clean work, characterized by an entrance plane normal to the air flow. The entrance plane is typically no more than 30 cm (f2 in.) from the supply source. Alternative spacing may be selected, especially for horizontal flow conditions, provided that air flow remains unobstructed in any manner that would significantly affect test results. The unidirectional air flow velocity test should be performed as follows f. Divide the work zone entrance plane into a grid of equal areas. Individual areas should not exceed 0.37 m (4 ft ). 

The air flow velocity test in a nonunidirectional clean room should be performed as follows ... 

Support the anemometer sensor probe with a suitable stand so that optimum control of test positions can be maintained. Orient the probe perpendicular to the velocity flow vector being measured. Measure and record the velocity at the approximate center of each filter area of 0.37 m (4 ft ). The probe should be positioned at a distance of no more than 15 cm (6 in.) from the filter face. The effect of nonuniform velocity across the filter face can be minimized by taking more readings per unit area or by using a tube array sensor. Air flow volume test The supply air flow volume is measured by using a flow hood in a manner that includes all of the air issuing from each terminal filter or supply diffuser. The air flow volume test should be performed as follows ... 

The forward flow integrity test (using WFI as wetting liquid) was performed before and after prefiltration according to SOP and per MFM. Forward flow results for presterile hltration of media hll run 1, mn 2, and run 3 are found satisfactory. 

Make sure that the flow cell is clean and free of gas bubbles when performing the detector performance tests. Dirty flow cell and gas bubbles are the main reasons for poor results for detector noise and drift. 

Catalysts pre-treatment (calcination and reduction) was performed in the same testing system or in a parallel automatic activation system prior to reaction test Calcination is carried out at 600 °C under airflow for 8 h and reduction at 250 °C for 2 h under hydrogen flow. Catalytic tests were carried out at 30 bar total pressure, temperature range 200-240°C, and 2.26h-1 WHSV, H2/hydrocarbons molar ratio of 2.93. Each fixed bed microreactor contained 500 mg of catalyst (particle size 0.4—0.6 mm, for which there are no internal diffusion limitations). Reaction products distribution are analysed using a gas chromatograph (Varian 3380GC) equipped with a Plot Alumina capillary column. 

The experimental approach described earlier is validated by performing experiments at different liquid flow rates and void fractions. The liquid flow rates tested are 0.6,1.8, 2.8, 3.4, 4.5, 5.2, 6.2, and 7.5 m3/h. The void fraction a in the experiments is 0% (liquid phase only), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Here again the void fraction a is defined as... 

A multi-disciplined team interviewed witnesses and performed tests, and the evidence was followed to a sound conclusion. Investigators sent the explosion meters (flammable gas detectors) to the instrument shop for examination. The welding torch was also inspected. Experts found both the torch and the meter behaved satisfactorily. There was speculation that some aquatic life deteriorated and formed methane, but that was not the case. They concluded that the fuel was dissolved methane from the well water system that was routed to the pump seal. Trace amounts of dissolved methane (about 0.02 percent by volume) accumulated in the well water stream flowing through the 3/8-inch-diameter stream on the... 

The most common test of lung function in humans is the forced exhalation test, which evaluates both lung volumes and flow performance. After inhaling maximally, the individual exhales as rapidly and deeply as possible to reach residual volume. The volumes of air exhaled per unit time and the airflow during exhalation are recorded. The forced expiratory volume measured in one second (FEVi), along... 

Performance testing in trickle-flow operation invariably takes longer than in gas-phase tests with model compounds. Testing with model compounds such as thiophene can be an effective contribution to fast screening, e.g. for the effectiveness of catalyst functions in a defined context, but should not be taken beyond that. 

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