Plane Normal

Figure 8. The generalized plane strain model, ordinary plane strain model, and the normalized plane strain model as applied to a single SOI ridge waveguide.

The normalized plane strain procedure therefore requires the same modest computational resources as the ordinary plane strain model. Furthermore, the same algorithms used for the ordinary plane strain model can he employed, since the revised model simply requires the substitutions defined by Equations 7 and 8. 

FIGURE7-1 Schematic of flow in daughter brandies of bifurcation model for steady inspiratory flow with flat profile in parent bran<. Velocity profiles in plane of bifurcation (—) and in normal plane (—) are indicated in right branch. Orientation of secondary flows and position of laminar boundary layer are shown in left branch. Redrawn wifo permisnon from Bdl. ... 

It is convenient to draw micro-twin structures derived from the micro-twinning of a CCP lattice projected on the normal plane to the pillars of the trigonal prisms. Let us consider a twin structure derived from a NaCl-type structure, in which both anions and cations have a CCP arrangement. Figure 2.67 shows the structure of a NaCl-type (a) is projected on (OOl)Naci and (b) on (110). It can be easily shown that the twin plane (203) ,j in the ortho-hexagonal expression corresponds to the (113) plane in the cubic one. Figure 2.68 shows a twin structure of NaCl-type,... 

The orthogonal-plane PIV technique is recently proposed for investigating the 3D characteristics of the coherent structures in a turbulent boundary layer flow (Hambleton et al., 2006 Kim et al., 2006). The hardware components and principle of this technique are the same as polarization-based dual-plane PIV. The only difference is to set up both laser sheets mutually perpendicular to each other instead of parallel to each other in the dual-plane PIV system. This allows for measuring velocity distributions in both streamwise-spanwise and streamwise-wall-normal planes simultaneously, so that the salient features of the coherent structures in a turbulent boundary layer flow as the legs and the head of the hairpin vortices can be detected (Hambleton et al., 2006 Kim et al., 2006). 

We may think of a free-electron gas as having a vanishing potential (or equivalently, a constant potential, since wc can measure energies from that potential level). The Hamiltonian becomes simply -h V Ilm, and the solutions of the time-independent Schroedinger equation, Eq. (1-5), can be written as plane waves, e h Wc must apply suitable boundary conditions, and this is most conveniently done by imagining the crystal to be a rectangular parallelepiped, as shown in Fig. 15-1. Then wc apply periodic boundary conditions on the surface, as wc did following F.q. (2-2). The normalized plane-wave stales may be written as... 

Since g-sojjd is based on a unit area of normal plane, including both void and nonvoid surface. 

Stress, or force per unit area (SI units Pa or N/m2), has been defined as the intensity of the internal components of forces in a certain point through a given plane of a body. Compressive stress (or pressure) refers to the perpendicular components toward a normal plane on which compressive forces act. Different denominations can be used for stresses that characterize compression of a certain volume of powder mass natural and engineering stress, compressive, tensile, or shear stress, yield stress, unconfined yield stress, and principal stresses. 

Figure 4.9. (a) Deviation of the attack trajectory from the normal plane in the reaction of hydride with pivaldehyde. Reprinted with permission from ref. [25], copyright 1987, American Chemical Society, (b) Newman projection of a ketone, with an approaching nucleophile, and the Flippin-Lodge angle of deviation from the normal plane, away from the larger substituent, R (after ref. [27]). 

For ketones, the approach may be in or near the normal plane, but for aldehydes, there will be a deviation from this plane, toward the hydrogen and away from the stereocenter (Figure 4.9). 

The normal plane is that plane which is perpendicular to the unit tangent. The principal normal is defined as the intersection of the normal plane with the plane defined by Vi and Vi- -i5Vi in the limit as i5Vi — 0. 

A calculation of the evolution of effective mean stress and the octahedral shear stress in borehole SG2 at a radial distance r= 3m has been made. Pore pressures were approximated by data collected in neighbouring boreholes. It was also assumed that normal stresses on the three normal planes are principal stresses. The results are given in Table 5... 

---