Floating rotator

Abstract The physical and experimental technique of gas adsorption measurements by slow oscillations of a rotational pendulum or, hkewise, the relaxational motion of a freely floating rotator are described. Combinations of the pendulum with either gravimetric or volumetric measurements are outhned. These especially are suited to measure the absorption or solubility of gases in non-rigid or swelling sorbent materials like polymers. Pros and cons of these methods are discussed in brief. List of symbols. References. 

Theory of Measurement of Gas-Adsorption Equilibria by a Floating Rotator, Unpublished manuscript (E 9937, 9-6-1998), available from the author upon request, Siegen/Berlin, 2001. 

Because many research reactors are old. they still use the primary methods of liquid level measurement which consists of a float switch actuated by a mechanical arm, or a magnetic reed switch actuated by a magnet imbedded in a float. Since many of the float switches use a glass bulb with mercury, to make electronic contact between two wires when the float rotates, and because this typre of instrument is a binary instrument and does not allow the operator to monitor continuously the liquid level, it is recommend that installations using these instruments should be replaced with more modem and reliable instruments. 

Uses. In architectural and industrial appHcations vibrational isolators are used to reduce transmission of vibration into building stmctures from rotating or reciprocating machinery, such as ventilating fans, pumps, chillers, industrial machinery, and the piping and ductwork coimected to this equipment (6). Vibration isolators also can be used to isolate vibration-sensitive equipment or noise-sensitive areas from sources of vibration. Examples are special pneumatic isolators to protect electron microscopes, and isolators used to support floating concrete floors in recording studios. 

Static bath mode. Feed enters at one end of the dmm and the floats exit from the other end. The sink product is removed continuously from the rotating dmm through the use of lifters attached to the dmm which empty into a launder as they move to the top. A modification of the simple dmm separator is the two-compartment dmm separator which allows a two-stage separation. In the cone-type separator (up to 6.1 m in dia and 450 t/h) feed is introduced at the top. The medium in the cone is kept in suspension by gentle agitation. The sink product is removed from the bottom of the cone either directly or by airlift in the center of the cone. The maximum particle size that can be separated is limited to 10 cm. Other separators include the Drewboy bath and the Norwaltbath (2). 

Drum Separators Very coarse solids, up to 0.3 m (12 in), are often processed in a drum separator of the type shown in Fig. 19-32. This is similar to a ball-mill shell with hfters permanently attached to the wall. Medium and feed enter at one end, and the float product flows out through the discharge trunnion, while the sink is lifted by the rotation of the drum to a stationaiy launder, through which it is flushed out. Modifications of this type include division of the shell into two compartments, which permits simultaneous operation at two different piup densities resulting in various grades of products. The two-compartment revolving drum is illustrated in Fig. 19-32. 

Fats and, through the use of lignosiilfonic acid, proteins can be Rotated from the wastewaters of slaughterhouses and other food-processing installations [Hopwood, Jn.st. Chem. Eng. Symp. Ser, 41, Ml (1975)]. After further treatment, the floated sludge has been fed to swine. 

Floating hollow spheres are made of polypropylene with projections to prevent rotation. They restrict oxygen absorption and reduce emissions with an effectiveness of 80 to 90 percent. High winds can pose serious problems by blowing the spheres away (University of Arkansas and Louisiana State University, 1985). 

The solid plates that resulted from the cooling process at the surface of the eanli were able to float on the remaining molten inner portion of the earth. Because of the rotational motion of the earth about its own axis and the earth s motion in the solar system, inertial and gravitational forces have produced great interactive forces between the plates. It is speculated that these interactive forces have led to plate contact and situations where one plate has slid over another. The great forces created by plate tectonics are likely responsible for the forces that have resulted in the folding and faulting of the earth s crust [30j. 

With a simulation technique Peng et al. (1994) have studied the particle-particle collisions with rotational and floating mechanisms of coarse particles in horizontal flow for higher concentrations of particles. Figure 20 gives the distribution of particles across the pipe cross-section. One notes that higher concentrations are seen at the bottom of the pipe. 

Peng, X., Tomita, Y., and Tashiro, H., Effect of Particle-Particle Collision and Particle Rotation upon Floating Mechanism of Coarse Particles in Horizontal Pneumatic Pipe, JSME Inti. J., Series B, 37(3) 485-490 (1994)... 

CTSR 2, Interphase gas/liquid 3, Self-rotating floating baffle 4, Annulus for position limiting 5, Rushton disk turbine 6, Interphase liquid/liquid 7, Pitched blade turbine upward (mixer/stirrer) 8, Aqueous-... 

A thinner and more uniform slice of the surface can be collected with the Harvey [11] rotating drum sampler. This consists of a floating drum which is rotated by an electric motor, the film adhering to the drum being removed by a windshield wiper blade. The thickness of the layer sampled depends... 

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