Fire on site

Hot work - welding, cutting Smoking near flammable materials Use of LPG plant — heaters and cookers Electrical faults Arson 

Fire Precautions Act 1971 as amended by the Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act 1987 Fire Certificates (Special Premises) Regulations 1976 

BEC/Loss Prevention Council Code of Practice Fire prevention on construction sites BS4363 1991 - Specification for distribution assemblies for electricity supplies to construction 

Site planning and safety rules must include fire detection provisions, supply and maintenance of fire fighting equipment, control of hot work, emergency procedures in the event of fire, control of smoking on site as needed and prevention of the build-up of flammable materials in work areas and in waste skips. Adequate means of escape and access for emergency vehicles must be allowed for during all stages of construction. 

An emergency fire and evacuation procedure must be produced for every contract the procedure will be continuously reviewed and updated as required. Emergency evacuation drills must be devised and practised. Exit routes must be clear of obstructions. Hot work must be strictly controlled, and work areas inspected 30 minutes after completion of the work to check for possible fire hazards. All work areas and site buildings must be inspected on completion of works for potential fire hazards. Quantities of highly flammable liquids and LPG within work areas must be restricted and suitable storage facilities provided. Records must be maintained of routine fire inspections and the maintenance and testing of fire fighting equipment. 

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Exposure to the public and the environment from certain chemicals may result in serious short and long term consequences. Events that can precipitate a chemical release from a warehouse include fire, on-site accidents, natural perils, or accidents involving trucks making deliveries to or from the warehouse. These events may result in dispersion of hazardous chemicals throughout the surrounding community, particularly if a release involves smoke, vapors, or gases. A hazardous release may involve the actual chemicals stored, reaction products from chemical decomposition, or mixing of incompatible chemicals, or products of combustion. 

Impact and spill, thermal Subsequent fire On-site - Low SIH speed ... 

Open areas around the operating units of a plant act as buffers to the surrounding community. Sufficient clearance should be allowed so that, if tall stmctures coUapse, other on-site buildings or equipment, or off-site properties are not affected. Adequate roadways providing entry to the plant are extremely important, and multiple entries and exits are advisable. An overcrowded plant can lead to damage or shutdown of adjacent units and may impede the movement of vehicles and materials in case of emergency (85). Another consideration is community fire-fighting assistance, first aid, and medical facihties. 

About 6000 MW of electricity generating capacity in the United States is based on the operation of several hundred wood-fired plants. Most of them ate owned by paper companies and saw mills, which bum their own scrap wood to generate heat and electricity, primarily for on-site use. Excess electricity is commonly sold to utilities. Eewer than 10 of the country s wood-fired plants, generating less than 300 MW, are actually operated by utilities other wood-fired plants have been built and are operated by iadependent producers. The largest units range between 50—60 MW. 

Hydrosulfite may be purchased as a proprietary formulation containing buffering and stabilizing agents, usually as a dry powder, but sometimes as a solution. The powder is pyrophoric and should be kept dry to avoid the possibiHty of fires. Alternatively, solutions of sodium hydrosulfite may be generated on-site by using a purchased solution of sodium borohydride and sodium hydroxide to reduce sulfur dioxide. 

Fire prevention Water on site if nonpotahle, outlets must Employee facilities Rest rooms and drinking water should he... 

Other speeifie ehemieal hazards that workers may eome into eontaet with are too numerous to mention. The effeets from these ehemieals vary widely. It is important to know if there are ehemieals being brought on site for any reason, along with the ehemieals already at the site and ehemieal wastes present on site. After you have obtained a eomprehensive ehemieal library, you should determine eompatibility and synergistie, additive, and other effeets of ehemieal mixing. This might inelude fire, explosion, or release. 

On-Site Emergency Responder 29 CFR 1910.120 (q) or state mandate Personnel from outside DOE site who respond to an emergency on the DOE site. Includes local fire fighters. HAZMAT teams, etc. Practice and drills as necessary. 

The iiifornialioii from Tier II and on-site inspections should help the local fire department in the development of prefire plans. Tlie information submitted by facilities midcr Sections 311 and 312 must generally be made available to tlie public by state and local govermneiits during normal working hours. 

Where concentrated alkali and/or acids are stored and used on-site as part of the treatment process, care should be exercised to prevent misuse, fire, and security and health hazards. The provision of emergency showers, eyewash stations, etc. needs careful consideration. 

Implications of Deforestation and Fire on Long-Term Site Productivity... 

Distances are recommended for zoning of electrical equipment, separation of storage from buildings etc. Distances are also proposed (on the basis of experience) to minimize the escalation or effects on site of fire, explosion, toxic relea.se or similar incident. Selected sources of information are summarized in Table 11.6. A typical example is given in Table 11.8 subject to the requirement of Table 11.7. 

Initial screening (Section 3.2) —Through identification of materials and conditions present at the specific site Material Safety Data Sheets Process conditions Total inventory of materials being handled Information on site conditions as needed to evaluate explosion or fire potential... 

Install a propane-fired sludge drying oven to reduce the volume and weight of the sludge that is generated in the on-site wastewater treatment system and shipped off-site Wastewater treatment sludge 928,200 60 141,150 66,200 0.5... 

All hydrocarbon fire mechanisms and estimates will be affected by to some extent of flame stability features such as varying fuel composition as lighter constituents are consumed, available ambient oxygen supplies, ventilation patterns, and wind effects. Studies into these effects have generally not progressed to the level where precise estimations can be made without scale model tests or on site measurements. 

The most widespread large-scale application of gas-liquid foams is in fire fighting, where air is excluded from the combustible material by a thick blanket of foam [320]. These fire-fighting foams are supplied as liquid concentrates, which can be diluted on-site to the required strength. The foam is formed from this premixture by an aerating device. Several studies have been undertaken to investigate the suitability of foams for bioremediation applications, as follows ... 

It is important to note that the distances in the spacingtables are based on potential fire consequences. Explosion and toxic concerns may require greater spacing. The separation distances cited are suggested minimum distances. Increased spacing may be warranted based on site-specific hazards and concerns. Applicable codes, standards, and local regulations should be researched. 

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