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Blanket thickness

Average burnup Cladding material Cladding outer diameter/thickness Blanket thickness Upper / lower / radial Breeding ratio ... [Pg.44]

Example 2.4 A proposed natural-gas-fired furnace will need a heat transfer coefficient of 16 Btu/ft hr°F. (a) Determine the needed mean furnace gas temperatures with 18", 36", 54", and 72" heights of the furnace ceiling above the tops of the load pieces (gas blanket thicknesses), (b) Compare probable NOx emissions. [Pg.47]

Radiation heat transfer, as used in the simplified time lag method for creating furnace heating curves (temperature vs. time) is really an average condition of the gas blanket temperature, gas blanket thickness, and vapor pressure of triatomic gases. With high excess air, the heat transfer will be less due to lower percentages of the... [Pg.60]

Heat transfer rate is a function of the gas blanket thickness, which should be 3 ft above and below the strip. For the strip hanging in the natural shape of a catenary curve with, for example, the low point of the strip 1.5 ft (0.5 m) below the top surface of the supporting rolls, the furnace bottom should be 4.5 ft (1.4 m) below the strip s highest level. [Pg.135]

Capacity increases in direct proportion to the area exposed per unit weight and in proportion to the heat transfer coefficient, which increases with average gas temperature and gas blanket thickness (figs. 2.13 and 2.14). Obviously, heat transfer increases as zone temperature setpoints are raised, unless scale formation interferes—as it will do if the preheat or entry zone is raised above 2300 F (1260 C). [Pg.145]

Variables that regulate gaseous heat transfer radiation are (1) blanket thickness, (2) average temperature of the complete blanket including flame, if any, and (3) concentration of triatomic molecules (principally H2O and CO2). [Pg.159]

Let us say we expect to transfer nearly the same quantity of energy from below as above. To do this, the thickness of the gas blankets should be essentially the same above as below. For maximum heat transfer above and below, the gas blanket thickness should be at or above 36" because heat transfer rates reach near peak by 36" thickness. To get uniformity across the hearth, the pier height should be between 8" and 12" to hold transfer very low to have a minimum temperature drop across the furnace below the product. Alternating both top and bottom burners assists good results because the burners on each side partially compensate for their changing flux profile from low to high flow. As we have mentioned elsewhere, the maximum heat flux from the burner s poc moves away from the burner as the firing rate increases and vice versa. [Pg.161]

A5. Limit the size of the piers to 8" to 12" high, use excess air, or use high-velocity burners with fuel turndown only, and use piers of minimum mass and with many openings. Heat requirements will be minimum, and heat transfer rates will be low (desirable) due to the minimum gas blanket thickness. Low heat transfer is desired to minimize poc cooling as the poc move across the furnace width. [Pg.338]

The curve of space-to-thickness ratio with two-side heating has been questioned by many for not rising above about 83% of the full surface area minus the end areas. To study this, compare two-side heating of a 6" billet with a 3 1 space-to-thickness ratio versus four-side heating with 2200 F gas cloud (blanket) thickness. Even at a space-to-thickness ratio of 3 1 with two-side heating, the sides receive heat approximately as in table 8.3, with space between the sides instead of a gas blanket above and below the load. [Pg.345]

Core Configuration Core Height, mm Axial Blanket Thickness, mm Maximum Core Diameter, mm Fuel Form... [Pg.144]

The core is 36 in. hlg with a i6-in. axUd blanket at each end, and cylindrical radii of 25.3 tbd 35.8 in. for the inner and outer cores, respectively, i giving an overall L/D of 0.503 for the equal zone config tion. Hie radial blanket thickness is about 15.1 in., followed by a 4.6 in. steel reflector. Axially, there is a 5-in. steel reflector In one hall and an 8-in. Na-steel reflector in foe other hall, foe reason for foe difference being materiids supplies. >... [Pg.301]

Lastly we will consider the reactor advantages of the Z-pinch, especially the gas embedded pinch if it is formed in a high pressure ( 100 Atmos.) D-T gas bubble immersed in a vessel of liquid lithium. The liquid lithium will act as one or possibly both electrodes, return conductor, first wall, moderator, breeder, and coolant, and so relax the conditions on wall loading and blanket thickness which restrict the economic operation of other magnetic fusion systems. [Pg.282]

Data for Two-Region, UO3-P11O2-D2O Reactors Operating at 250° C, Having a Core Dia.meter of 0 ft, a Blanket Thickness of 3 ft, and Variable Blanket-Feel Enrichment... [Pg.57]

Fig. 10-2. Fuel cost as a function of blanket thickness for various blanket thorium concentrations. Power per reactor = 480 Mw (heat), core diameter = 5 ft, core thorium = 200 g/liter, core poison fraction = 0.08, blanket U = 4.0 g/kg Th, = 2.25. Fig. 10-2. Fuel cost as a function of blanket thickness for various blanket thorium concentrations. Power per reactor = 480 Mw (heat), core diameter = 5 ft, core thorium = 200 g/liter, core poison fraction = 0.08, blanket U = 4.0 g/kg Th, = 2.25.
Blanket thickness and blanket thorium concentration. An example of the effects of these parameters on fuel cost is presented in Fig. 10-2 for a slurry-core reactor. Here it is noted that the blanket thorium concentration has relatively little effect on the minimum fuel costs. The blanket thickness giving the lowest fuel cost lies between 2 and 2.5 ft. As is expected, higher thorium loadings are desirable if thin blankets are necessary on the basis of other considerations. Systems having low concentrations of thorium in the core require more heavily loaded blankets to minimize fuel costs. For solution cores, still heavier and thicker blankets are desirable, particularly if the core diameters are small. [Pg.524]

Sc cond loop fluid Third loop fluid Structural materials Fuel circuit Secondary loop Tertiaiy loop Steam Iroiler Steam superheater Active-core dimensions Fuel ecpiivalent diameter Blanket thickness... [Pg.685]

Coolant to moderator ratio in core, V /Vc Coolant to moderator ratio in blanket, Tsiunj/Tc Core-blanket barrier material Blanket thickness Blanket slurry composition ... [Pg.867]

Fio. 24-2. Breeding vs. blanket thickness for slurry-to-carbon volume ratio 1.00 and bismuth to carbon volume ratio in core= 1.00. [Pg.868]

Fig. 24.3. Breeding vs. slurry-to-carbon volume ratio in blanket for bismuth to carbon volume ratio = 1.00 and blanket thickness = 3 ft. Fig. 24.3. Breeding vs. slurry-to-carbon volume ratio in blanket for bismuth to carbon volume ratio = 1.00 and blanket thickness = 3 ft.
To reduce the stress in the vessel wall without loss of lining restraint the 160 kg/m insulating blanket thickness of 6 mm is chosen to be placed between the lining cold face and the shell plate. This blanket will compress about (see Figure 12) ... [Pg.391]

Therefore, the remaining blanket thickness after compression is 6(1 — 0.84) = 0.96 mm. The thermal expansion allowance is 0.84 x 6 = 5.04 mm. The thermal expansion forces in the hning and shell are reduced to... [Pg.391]


See other pages where Blanket thickness is mentioned: [Pg.56]    [Pg.201]    [Pg.61]    [Pg.161]    [Pg.162]    [Pg.331]    [Pg.118]    [Pg.151]    [Pg.307]    [Pg.307]    [Pg.380]    [Pg.189]    [Pg.487]    [Pg.15]    [Pg.121]    [Pg.555]    [Pg.34]    [Pg.36]    [Pg.48]    [Pg.50]    [Pg.508]    [Pg.516]    [Pg.524]    [Pg.524]    [Pg.526]    [Pg.538]    [Pg.867]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.7 ]




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