Field FAIMS

Mohammad, A., Boyle, B., Rush, M., Koehl, A., Lamb, K., Ultra high-field FAIMS beyond air breakdown. Proceedings of the 59th Pittcon Conference, New Orleans, LA (03/2008). 

Siegel, J., Suhling, K., Leveque-Fort, S., Webb, S. E. D., Davis, D. M., Phillips, D., Sabharwal, Y. and French, P. M. W. (2003). Wide-field time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy imaging (TR-FAIM) Imaging the rotational mobility of a fluorophore. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 182-92. 

DGE a AC AMS APCI API AP-MALDI APPI ASAP BIRD c CAD CE CF CF-FAB Cl CID cw CZE Da DAPCI DART DC DE DESI DIOS DTIMS EC ECD El ELDI EM ESI ETD eV f FAB FAIMS FD FI FT FTICR two-dimensional gel electrophoresis atto, 10 18 alternating current accelerator mass spectrometry atmospheric pressure chemical ionization atmospheric pressure ionization atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization atmospheric pressure photoionization atmospheric-pressure solids analysis probe blackbody infrared radiative dissociation centi, 10-2 collision-activated dissociation capillary electrophoresis continuous flow continuous flow fast atom bombardment chemical ionization collision-induced dissociation continuous wave capillary zone electrophoresis dalton desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization direct analysis in real time direct current delayed extraction desorption electrospray ionization desorption/ionization on silicon drift tube ion mobility spectrometry electrochromatography electron capture dissociation electron ionization electrospray-assisted laser desorption/ionization electron multiplier electrospray ionization electron transfer dissociation electron volt femto, 1CT15 fast atom bombardment field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry field desorption field ionization Fourier transform Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance... 

Kolakowski, B. M., Lustig, D., and Purves, R. W. (2004). Separation and quantitation of caffeine metabolites by high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS). 

Wu, S. T., Xia, Y. Q., and Jemal, M. (2007). High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-FAIMS-MS/MS) multicomponent bioanalytical method development, performance evaluation and demonstration of the constancy of the compensation voltage with change of mobile phase composition or flow rate. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 21 3667-3676. 

The first description of a differential mobility spectrometer is shown in Fig. 9 with a schematic from the 1993 article by Buryakov et al. [8-10], Subsequently, the technology from this team was migrated to the USA [39] and then Canada [40] as field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) with a cylindrical design for the analyzer. The FAIMS analyzer was attached to a mass spectrometer [41], and a line of study on large instrumentation was begun where the FAIMS was an ion filter for the mass spectrometer in environmental and biological studies [42 14], Refinements were made and a commercial inlet for mass spectrometers was introduced [45], but no determinations with... 

The gas chromatograph as inlet (Fig. 12(b)) permitted reliable delivery of amounts of explosives to the analyzer, and limits of detection were reported as <2pg for TNT and <4 pg for PETN. The measurements were comparatively fast with most explosives eluted in times below several minutes, some as low as 9 s (for DNT) and none more than 4 min (for PETN). These early findings with field-dependent mobility instrumentation suggested that the favorable chemistry of IMS could be combined with the simple instrumentation of FAIMS or DMS and that the strong electric fields show no ill effect on gas-phase ions for explosives. The next step in development with field-dependent mobility instruments was a micro-fabricated DMS analyzer. 

Kolakowski, B.M., Mester, Z. (2007). Review of applications of high-field asymmetric waveform ion mohility spectrometry (FAIMS) and differential mobility spectrometry (DMS). Analyst 132 842-64. 

FAIMS high-field asymmetric-waveform ion-mobility spectroscopy... 

Krylov, E.V. Comparison of the Planar and Coaxial Field Asymmetrical Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometer (FAIMS), Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 225, 39-51 (2003). 

The start of this new trend in commercialization may be attributed to the addition of an ESI source to cylindrical FAIMS (field asymmetric IMS), which was then combined with a mass spectrometer. A relatively simple modification between the ESI and mass spectrometer simplified response to the complex ion mixtures created in ESI sources. This received an enthusiastic response and was commercialized as ESI FAIMS MS first by lonAnalytics Corporation (of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) and then by ThermoScientific, which acquired lonAnalytics. They have promoted FAIMS as an ion filter with special phasis on pharmaceutical and drug metabolite measurements by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. ... 

The application of GC for the introduction of complex samples into field asymmetric IMS (FAIMS) and differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) instruments is also used extensively. Fast capillary chromatography in which relatively simple mixtures can be separated in less than a second provides a rapid separation-and-introduction method for DMS. One specific advantage of FAIMS (or DMS) as a chromatographic detector is that both positive and negative ions can be monitored simultaneously from the GC effluent. Figure 3.10 provides a schematic of a typical capillary GC/DMS instrument in which SPME is used to inject semivolatile compounds into the capillary column with DMS detection. 

Several mobility analyzers commercially available today are designed with a continuous flow or stream of ions from a reaction region into the mobility measurement region, and although resolving power has been considered low, these mobility methods have anerged for laboratory and field measurements. These methods are FAIMS, DMS, DMA, and alMS methods. 

FIGURE 6.5 Drift tubes for FAIMS or DMS including the configuration commercialized by Thermo Fisher Scientific (a) with a cylindrical shape (with permission from Thermo Fisher Scientific) the first small planar design commercialized by Sionex, Incorporated (b) (from Miller et al., A novel micro-machined high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometer, Sens. Actuators B 2000 with permission) and the microfabricated, very small structures of the ultraFAlMS (c) manufactured by Owlstone Nanotechnology (from Owlstone White Paper, 2006). 

While time-dispersive ion mobility devices of the type used for drift tube IMS require aperture grids prior to the Faraday plate to preserve the resolving power of the instrument, ion filters and scanning mobility spectrometry such as differential mobility spectrometry (DMS), field asymmetric IMS (FAIMS), differential mobility analysis (DMA), and aspiration IMS (alMS) do not require an aperture grid and can efficiently detect ions with a simple Faraday plate. In these devices, ions do not travel as a discrete swarm, and the exact arrival time of the ions is not critical. Figure 7.3 shows a schematic of a typical differential ion mobility spectrometer (DIMS) in... 

FIGURE 9.13 Schematic of ESI-FAIMS instrument interfaced to quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS). (From Purves and Guevremont, Electrospray ionization high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1999, 71(13) 2346-2357. With permission.)... 

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