Time-to-arrival

Vacuum pump capacity is conventionally based on the total cycle and expressed as mVh-m" (cfi7i/ft ) of filter area measured at pump inlet conditions. Thus, the gas volumes per unit area passing during each dry period in the cycle are totaled and divided by the cycle time to arrive at the design air rate. Since air rate measurements in the test program are based on pressure drop across the cake and filter medium only, allowance must be made For additional expansion due to pressure drop within the filter and auxiliary piping system in arriving at vacuum pump inlet conditions. 

There is yet another test of the acceptance of a would-be new discipline, and that is the publication of textbooks devoted to the subject. By this test, physical chemistry took a long time to arrive . One distinguished physical chemist has written an autobiography (Johnson 1996) in which he says of his final year s study for a... 

For the CE analyzer, a sample method is run to demonstrate that the entire system is functioning properly. A cystosine molecule, 100 ppm, is injected and separated at 30 kV. Reproducibility of migration time and area is tested. The reproducibility for nine consecutive runs is expected to have an RSD of less than 1 % for migration time, peak area, and corrected area. The linearity is tested by injecting sample at three different pressures and adjusting the time to arrive at equal amounts injected [Equation (2)]. The three settings and three consecutive runs should have an RSD of less than 5% for migration time, peak area, and corrected area. 

Type (ii). The particle has a non-zero probability to reach the wall, but we show that it takes an infinite time to arrive. The conditional mean first-passage time at R — s is, according to (3.11),... 

If the system starts from a site near u, what is the probability per unit time to arrive at a site near c The answer will be insensitive to the precise choice of the initial site, because it runs through all sites near a in a time much shorter than the time we want to compute. It will be equally insensitive to the precise final site. The very concept of escape time is endowed with this margin of uncertainty. It is often convenient to replace this imprecise... 

It is also necessary to sample influent over a period of time to arrive at the average influent quality It should account for variations in daily operations caused by fluctuations in flow rates, shortterm variations in brine charactensucs, and equipment upsets... 

Monte Carlo simulation can involve several methods for using a pseudo-random number generator to simulate random values from the probability distribution of each model input. The conceptually simplest method is the inverse cumulative distribution function (CDF) method, in which each pseudo-random number represents a percentile of the CDF of the model input. The corresponding numerical value of the model input, or fractile, is then sampled and entered into the model for one iteration of the model. For a given model iteration, one random number is sampled in a similar way for all probabilistic inputs to the model. For example, if there are 10 inputs with probability distributions, there will be one random sample drawn from each of the 10 and entered into the model, to produce one estimate of the model output of interest. This process is repeated perhaps hundreds or thousands of times to arrive at many estimates of the model output. These estimates are used to describe an empirical CDF of the model output. From the empirical CDF, any statistic of interest can be inferred, such as a particular fractile, the mean, the variance and so on. However, in practice, the inverse CDF method is just one of several methods used by Monte Carlo simulation software in order to generate samples from model inputs. Others include the composition and the function of random variable methods (e.g. Ang Tang, 1984). However, the details of the random number generation process are typically contained within the chosen Monte Carlo simulation software and thus are not usually chosen by the user. 

The parameters A, B, D and TA are determined using a least squares fitting procedure. While A, B, and D are phenomenological parameters, TA equals the so-called time to arrival which is the time between contrast agent injection and appearance of the first contrast agent molecules within the ROI. 

Furthermore, the time to arrival (TTA) can be calculated as time difference between appearance of the first contrast agent molecules in the tissue of interest and contrast agent injection. When using the curve fitting method, TTA equals TA. 

While rMTT can depict changes in cerebral hemodynamics, which are due to vessel occlusion of cerebral arteries and the respective compensation mechanisms, the time to arrival of contrast (TTA) is sensitive to vessel diseases, which are more upstream of the arterial flow, most commonly high grade stenoses or occlusions of the carotid arteries. In such patients, blood flow in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the stenosis is mainly supplied by the contralateral carotid artery via the circle of Willis. Due to this detour, TTA is prolonged in the ipsilateral hemisphere (Reith et al. 1997). At the same time, rMTT may be prolonged in the ipsilateral hemisphere resulting from decreased blood flow (Dorfler et al. 2001). If TTP is calculated instead of MTT, the effect of the bolus delay cannot be separated from that of the perfusion decrease, because TTP is influenced by both rMTT and TTA. 

On the day of the exam, give yourself sufficient time to arrive at the correct room, without the risk of being late (e.g. what if your bus breaks down ). 

The higher the concentration of these thermally labile flavor precursors, the longer the deodorization time to arrive at a stable fully refined oil. On the other hand, oils with a very low content of such flavor precursors will need a much shorter deodorization. 

Problem 14.3. Use the discussion in Section 8.5 to show that the rate, Eq. (14.53) or (14.55) can be obtained as the inverse mean first passage time to arrive at some point Xl, well to the right of the barrier (the well is on the left as in Fig. 14.2), starting from positionxo, well to the left of it. Quantify the meaning ofthe phrases well to the right, and well to the left. ... 

To this end, we consider a general one step process, to which class equation (11.12) belongs. We assume that this jump process starts at a site m at f = 0. Being at site n the particle hops to the right with a rate gn and to the left with a rate r , respectively. When it reaches the left boundary L, it is reflected. Then, the mean first passage time to arrive at a site R> m reads [34]... 

Let us now look at the different locations for spontaneous encapsulation of solutes of different chemical composition. First of all, it goes without saying that encapsulation experiments should be carried out under weU-defined conditions. Often vesicles, after their preparation, and subsequently after binding of the solubilizate, need time to arrive at their most stable configurations (size, tail ordering) and adeqnate attention should be given to this issue. This process may sometimes take days at room temperature. Also the method used for their preparation may exert a definite effect on the vesicular properties. Thus, for a honest comparison of encapsnlation abilities, it is recommended that the vesicles are prepared under exactly the same conditions and that their properties are checked by a proper physical technique, such as cryo-electron microscopy. Also temperature control needs attention since the gel and liqnid-crystaUine phase exhibit different binding efficiencies of solutes. 

To send the fire-reversed stove gas and mine gas at the same time to arrival piping, together with sending the pressure to the gas holder. 

Like the other allies, Russia entered the war with shortages of munitions, explosives, and other chemical products. Large orders were placed abroad, but these took time to arrive. Meanwhile, Russia s domestic output was called upon to supply a growing share of the military s needs. The domestic effort in chemical products was led by Ipat ev, who headed the Commission for the Preparation of Explosives (CPE) [in Russian, Komissiia po mgotovke vzryvchatykh veshchestv], created... 

Let s pretend for this example that we know the facts. Let s ask the three questions What happened How did it happen Why did it happen When you ask the latter question, let s continue to ask why for at least five times to arrive near a root cause. Note that this will identify a root cause. It is likely there is more than one root cause. Most incidents occur because a series of missteps or mistakes were made that ultimately came together to result in the adverse event. 

Since the main goal is to minimize the time to arrive to the point of intervention, we consider that the expected distance will increase as the buildings in the vicinity are affected, because the actual speed of the car will decrease. If the road is completely blocked, the distance of that road segment will increase to infinity. 

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