Commercially available analyzers

Enzymatic methods for cholesterol measurement are precise, accurate when calibrated appropriately, and easily adapted for use on modern analyzers. Commercially available cholesterol reagents commonly combine aU of the enzymes and other required components into a single photometric reagent. The reagent usually is mixed with a 3- to 10- JLL aliquot of serum or plasma, incubated under controlled... 

Several mobility analyzers commercially available today are designed with a continuous flow or stream of ions from a reaction region into the mobility measurement region, and although resolving power has been considered low, these mobility methods have anerged for laboratory and field measurements. These methods are FAIMS, DMS, DMA, and alMS methods. 

Mass analyzer is the core part of a mass spectrometer. It separates the ionized compound based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The main purpose of mass analyzer is to select specific mass ions and then take these ions into the detector for counting. There are several kinds of mass analyzers commercially available, and each analyzer has its own special benefits and limitations. However, no ideal mass analyzer available is suited for all applications. We will focus on the commonly used mass analyzers. 

The choice of a particular mass spectrometer to perform a given task must take into account the nature of the substances to be examined, the degree of separation required for mixtures, the types of ion source and inlet systems, and the types of mass analyzer. Once these individual requirements have been defined, it is much easier to discriminate among the large number of instruments that are commercially available. Once suitable mass spectrometers have been identified, the final choice is often a case of balancing capital and running costs, reliability, ease of routine use, after-sales service, and the reputation of the manufacturer. 

The complexity of problems that can be handled by commercially available programs is illustrated in Reference 15. A 15,900 m° (100,000 barrels) per day cmde unit consisting of an atmospheric and vacuum cmde column, two heaters, and a total of 21 heat exchangers were analyzed. 

Software packages are commercially available for simulation of hydrauhc transients. These may be used to analyze piping systems to reveal unsatisfactoi y behavior, and they aUow the assessment of design changes such as increases in pipe-wall thickness, changes in valve actuation, and addition of check valves, surge tanks, and pulsation dampeners. 

The introduction of rfpowered sources has extended the capability of GD-OES to non-conductors, and several rf sources of different design have become commercially available. This is of the greatest importance for surface and depth-profile analysis, because there exists a multitude of technically and industrially important non-conductive coating materials (e. g. painted coatings and glasses) which are extremely difficult to analyze by any other technique. 

There are commercially available clarifier simulation software for comprehensive (2D) analyzes of wastewater treatment processes in circular and rectangular clarifiers. With these software, you can predict processes like ... 

Although each of the commercially available computer-based vibration monitoring systems has unique features and formats, the information contained in this chapter is applicable to all of the systems. However, the manual provided by the vendor should be used in conjunction with this chapter to ensure proper use of the microprocessor-based data collection analyzer and the computer-based software. 

Many of the microprocessor-based vibration monitoring analyzers cannot capture accurate data from low-speed machinery or machinery that generates low-frequency vibration. Specifically, some of the commercially available analyzers cannot be used where frequency components are below 600 cpm or 10 Hz. 

Analyzers especially equipped to handle noise are required for most industrial applications. There are at least three commercially available microprocessor-based analyzers capable of acquiring data below 600 cpm. These systems use special filters and data-acquisition techniques to separate real vibration frequencies from electronic... 

Microarray experiments generate large and complex data sets that constitute e.g. lists of spot intensities and intensity ratios. Basically, the data obtained from microarray experiments provide information on the relative expression of genes corresponding to the mRNA sample of interest. Computational and statistical tools are required to analyze the large amount of data to address biological questions. To this end, a variety of analytical platforms are available, either free on the Web or via purchase of a commercially available product. 

Commercially available poiybrominated aromatic ethers have been analyzed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. NMR spectra of material isolated by preparative methods served to identify the observed peaks as congeners of tetrabromo to nonabromo diphenyl ether. A bromination pathway was clearly indicated. 

Four different commercially available varieties of turmeric containing curcumin were isolated, separated by column chromatography, and identified by spectroscopy. The purity of the curcuminoids was analyzed by an improved HPLC method, performed on a Ci8 column using methanol, acetic acid, and acetonitrile and detection at 425 nm. The total percentages of curcuminoids in turmeric were between 2.34... 

Most Mossbauer experiments are currently performed with commercially available radioactive sources. For some applications, however, a so-called source experiment may be useful, in which the sample is labeled with the radioactive parent-isotope of the Mossbauer nucleus such as Co. The y-radiation of the radioactive sample is then analyzed by moving a single-line absorber for Doppler modulation in front of the detector. 

There are commercially available in-line or on-line viscometer devices. In-line devices are installed directly in the process while on-line devices are used to analyze a side stream of the process. Most devices are based on measuring the pressure drop and flow rate through a capillary. The viscosity is either determined at a single shear rate or, at most, a few shear rates. Complex fluids, on the other hand, exhibit a viscosity that cannot be so easily characterized. In order to capture enough information that allows, for example, a molecular weight distribution to be inferred, it is necessary to determine the shear viscosity over reasonably wide ranges of shear rates. 

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