Strong Electric Field

By contrast, the strong electric field problem has appeared (perhaps prematurely) to be well understood. This view is reinforced by the fact that the Schrodinger equation for an atom in a strong electric field, although nonseparable in spherical polar coordinates (n and i are not good quantum numbers) does turn out to be separable in parabolic cylinder coordinates, given by 

Since they are separable, these equations describe regular motion, which is nonchaotic in the classical limit. A number of experiments have been performed [576] [577] and calculations have reproduced the data very well 

There is, however, one area of uncertainty the region very close to E = 0 may require more detailed investigation, since it has been argued 

Rau [575] gives the near threshold spacings for the m = 0 case by the same method as in section 10.21 in the coordinate, the motion is one- 

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In strong electric fields contributions to the induced dipole moment that are proportional to or E can also be important, and higher-order moments such as quadrupoles can also be induced. We will not be concerned with such contributions. 

The high potential and small radius of curvature at the end of the capillary tube create a strong electric field that causes the emerging liquid to leave the end of the capillary as a mist of fine droplets mixed with vapor. This process is nebulization and occurs at atmospheric pressure. Nebulization can be assisted by use of a gas flow concentric with and past the end of the capillary tube. 

Nonlinear Optical Devices. A transparent, optically active, sol—gel-derived organic—inorganic glass has been synthesized (68). This hybrid consists of a 2,4-dinitroaminophenylpropyl-triethoxysilane covalently bound to a siUcon alkoxide-derived siUca network. This hybrid exhibits a strong electric field-induced second harmonic signal and showed no signs of crystallization. 

The term electrochromism was apparently coined to describe absorption line shifts induced in dyes by strong electric fields (1). This definition of electrocbromism does not, however, fit within the modem sense of the word. Electrochromism is a reversible and visible change in transmittance and/or reflectance that is associated with an electrochemicaHy induced oxidation—reduction reaction. This optical change is effected by a small electric current at low d-c potential. The potential is usually on the order of 1 V, and the electrochromic material sometimes exhibits good open-circuit memory. Unlike the well-known electrolytic coloration in alkaU haUde crystals, the electrochromic optical density change is often appreciable at ordinary temperatures. 

Stand up. The phenomena occur either as the result of polarization (2-2.1) or a net charge on the body. When the body is polarized by a strong electric field, the charged strands of hair are both repelled from one another and attracted in the direction of the electric field. This can be especially hair-raising. 

The insulating property of any insulator will break down in a sufficiently strong electric field. The dielectric strength is defined as the electric strength (V/m) which an insulating material can withstand. For plastics the dielectric strength can vary from 1 to 1000 MV/m. Materials may be compared on the basis of their relative permittivity (or dielectric constant). This is the ratio of the permittivity of the material to the permittivity of a vacuum. The ability of a... 

In a strong electric field, a free electron acquires enough kinetic energy to cause an impact ionization i.e., an electron impacting on a neutral molecule causes an emission of a new electron, leading to the formation of new electron-ion pair. The new free electron is, in turn, accelerated to a velocity sufficient to cause further ionization. This leads to an avalanche-type generation of free electrons and ions. The electric field provides the necessary energy in such a way that the process can continue without the external radiation which was necessary for the onset of the process. 

When using molded plastics parts such as the connectors and the circuit supports, it is important to make sure that the moldings, in addition to being made to close tolerances, be made under molding conditions that make for stable products. Electrical products are subjected to strong electrical fields in addition to the usual environmental abuse. Distortion of the product can lead to serious electrical malfunction by changing spacings that will alter electrical characteristics and if... 

The spherical pendulum, which may be used to model the bending states of HCP [7] and the pendular states of dipolar molecules in strong electric fields [8], is of... 

The ENBO method, which is a method for incorporating polarization and higher order electric field-molecule interaction terms into the theory, is discussed in Section IV. Nearly all OCT experiments actually use laser pulses that give rise to strong electric fields that are sufficiently strong to significantly... 

By external stimulus at the plate electrode, migration of the ions in the solvent is induced, which changes the spatial concentration and so the local course of reactions [68]. By this means, weak electrical fields change the propagation velocity of the reaction zone through the capillary strong electrical fields ( supercritical ) further affect the global feature of the reaction in the capillary. 

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