Fibre reinforcements advanced composites

P. Fenici, and H.W. Scholz, Advanced Low-activation Materials Fibre-reinforced Ceramic Composites, J. Nucl. Mater., 212-215, 60-68 (1994),... 

Edmund. G.. and Henneke, I. I. (1990). Ultrasonic nondestructive examination of advanced composite.s. Non-Destructive Testing of Fibre Reinforced Plastics Composites. Vol. 2. Elsevier Applied Science. 

Kawamata, A., Mihashi, H. and Fukuyama, H. (2002). Material design of hybrid fibre reinforced cementitious composites. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 1(3) 283-290. 

Hota GVS, Hota SRV. Advances in fibre-reinforced polymer composite bridge decks. Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials, 2(X)2 4(2) 161-168. DOI 10.1002/pse.ll3. 

This chapter and Chapter 17 review advanced polymer composites in bridge engineering and cover many aspects for the utilisation of this material within bridge engineering infrastructure. It is suggested that the reader refers to Section 17.6 of Chapter 17 which covers the future trends of fibre-reinforced polymer composites used in all types of bridge engineering. 

Moy, S. S. J. and Nikoukar, F. (2002), Flexural behavior of steel beams reinforced with carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite . Proceedings of the First International Conference on Advanced Polymer Composites for Structural Applications in Construction, Southampton University, UK, 15-17 April 2002, pp. 195-202. 

Carmakers started advanced developments on door panels, headliners, package trays, dashboards, and trunk liners, based on natural fibre composites with a thermoplastic or thermoset matrix, challenging mainly glass fibre reinforced plastic composites. 

Summerscales J (1987) Shear modulus testing of composites. In Proceedings 4th international conference on composite structures, vol 2, Paisley, 27-29 July 1987. Elsevier, pp 305-316 Summerscales J (ed) (1987/1990) Non-destructive testing of fibre reinforced plastics composites, 2 vols. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, ISBN 1-85166-093-3 ISBN 1-85166-468-8 Summerscales J (1990) NDT of advanced composites—an overview of the possibilities. Br J Non-Destr Test 32(ll) 568-577 Summerscales J (1994) Non-destructive measurement of the moisture content in fibre-reinforced plastics. Br J Non-Destr Test 36(2) 64-72 Summerscales J (1994) Manufecturing defects in fibre-reinforced plastics composites. Insight 36( 12) 936-942... 

Meng Hou, Lin Ye and Yiu-Wing Mai, Advances in processing of continuous fibre reinforced composites Plastics, Rubber and Composites Proc. ondAppL, 23, 5 (1995) pp. 279-292. Mitchell, P. (ed.) Tool and Manufacturing Engineers Handltook, Vol 8, 4th ition, Soc. Man. Eng., Michigan (1996). 

The aeronautics sector is a significant composite consumer, particularly in terms of turnover, because of the high proportion of advanced composites used with matrices such as epoxies, polycyanates, polyimides, PEEK, and reinforcements such as carbon fibres. 

For the global advanced composites market, the average cost of high-performance fibre reinforcements (carbon, aramid, high modulus polyethylene, boron, R/S/T-glass and some E-glass) is estimated from 5.5 to 6 per kg. This moderate price is due to the decrease in the carbon fibre price. Some grades could fall to less than 10/kg in the short or medium term. 

Airbus A380 structure uses 25 % of advanced composites. Carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) are used for about 22% of the airframe. 

Kucner McManus (1994) investigated the response of advanced graphite-fibre-reinforced epoxy laminated composites, of three different thicknesses, to flame from a calibrated propane burner for times of 3-60 s, by visual observation, light... 

The market needs for more advanced materials provide the driving force of the CVD processes. For example, the development of high performance aero-engines requires the strong and tough fibre reinforced ceramic matrix composites with low density which can potentially be used in ultra-high temperatures. 

Chemical vapour infiltration (CVI) is an extension of CVD processes only when a CVD process occurs on an internal surface of a porous substrate (especially for the fibre preform). As compared with CVD, the CVI process for ceramics is much more effective and important because it is the optimal technique to fabricate fibre reinforced ceramics and particularly carbon fibre reinforced carbon and advanced ceramic matrix composites. Both CVI and CVD techniques share some common features in overall chemistry, however, the CVI is much more complex than the CVD process in mass transport and chemical reactions. 

Firstov S. In Advanced Multilayered and Fibre-Reinforced Composites, 1998, Kluwer Publ., pp.175-186... 

D C Leach, Continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites . Advanced Composites, ed. I K Partridge, Barking, UK, Elsevier Applied Science, 1989, Chapter 2. 

The editor takes the blame for the frequent use of the phrase reinforced plastics rather than the increasingly favoured, up-market term advanced composites , ffe recognizes that glass fibre reinforced composites are customarily excluded from the advanced composite category in aerospace circles, chiefly because of their relatively low modulus. But when their technical qualities as a whole are considered, including their durability in the broad sense, and when their cost effectiveness is also taken into account, reinforced plastics scarcely need rebadging. They are among the best materials in the world in the context of durability. 

Abbasi, A. and P. J. Hogg (2004). Fire testing of concrete beams with fibre reinforced plastic rebar. In Advanced Polymer Composites for Structural Applications in Construction, ed. L. C. Hollaway, Cambridge, UK, Woodhead Publishing, pp. 445-456. 

D. Qi and C. Pantano, Sol-Gel Processing of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Glass Matrix Composites, hr Ultrastructure Processing of Advanced Ceramics. J. D. Mackenzie and D. R. Ulrich ed., J. Wiley and Sons, New... 

Carbon (sometimes referred to as graphite) fibre is the reinforcement material of choice for advanced composites. Carbon fibres have a higher fatigue resistance than glass or aramid. 

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