Fibers/fabrics, synthetic

Silicon-containing Pis, useflil as insulation and protective materials, demonstrate adhesion to fibers, fabrics, glass, quartz, and carbon (36). The synthetic method used is the reaction of the silicon-containing dianhydride with diamines. 

Silicones. SUicones are exceeded only by fluorochemicals in the volume used as repeUents for textiles. They are widely used on ceUulosic and synthetic fiber fabrics. SUicones provide water-based stain resistance good durabUity to washing improved tear strength a soft, sUck hand and improved fabric sewabUity. 

Synthetic Fibers. Most synthetic fibers are sufficientiy white and do not requite bleaching. For white fabrics, unbleached synthetic fibers with duorescent whitening agents are usually used. When needed, synthetic fibers and many of theit blends are bleached with sodium chlorite solutions at pH 2.5—4.5 for 30—90 min at concentrations and temperatures that depend on the type of fiber. Solutions of 0.1% peracetic acid are also used at pH 6—7 for 1 h at 80—85°C to bleach nylon. 

Polyesters, which are a class of engineering thermoplastics, are found in a wide variety of applications including carbonated drink bottles, fibers for synthetic fabrics, thin films for photographic films and food packaging, injection molded automotive parts, and housings for small appliances. In this chapter, we svill explore the synthesis of this class of polymers. We will also look at the typical properties and end uses for the most common of these resins, polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, which are commonly known as PET and PBT, respectively. 

Trace evidence in criminal investigations typically consists of hairs both natural and synthetic fibers, fabrics glass plastics soil plant material building material such as cement, paint, stucco, wood, etc, flammable fluid residues, e.g., in arson investigations explosive residues, e.g.. from bombings, and so on. Perhaps the simplest examination done is the physical match. Other examinations result only in demonstrating class characteristics. 

SOLIDOKOLL N is a synthetic thickener for the prevention of dyestuff migration during the Intermediate drying of the fabric. It is particularly recommended for drying of synthetic fiber fabrics and its blends by the thermosol process. 

Is a strongly hydrophilic emulsifier, dispersant, solubilizer and detergent. It is used as a stabilizer and anticoagulant for natural and synthetic latices and dye pastes, as a dyeing assistant for wool/acrylic blends, and as a detergent and lubricant for fiber/fabric scouring. TRYCOL 5972 is also used as an emulsifier for waxes used in coating citrus fruits. HLB 15.8... 

Due to its excellent adhesion to synthetic fibers and its formation of a flexible film, INTEX BINDER 18 has found acceptance as a binder for pigments in dyeing glass fiber fabrics. 

All rubbers, glasses, and plastics are polymers. You are probably familiar with natural polymers like cellulose (the building block of plant fibers) and synthetic polymers like polyethylene (plastic milk cartons), polyisoprene (automobile tires), polyethylene terephthalate (soft drink bottles), polymethyl methacrylate (Plexiglas ), polyvinylidene chloride (transparent plastic wrap), polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon ), and various polyesters (fabrics). Polyvinyl chloride, the polymer shown earlier, is used to make rigid pipes, house siding, and protective coverings for automobile seals and dashboards, among many other applications. 

Finishing Synthetic Fiber Fabrics. This field of finishing is in the formative stage, and very few generalizations can be made at the present stage of development. 

The techniques of weighting and coating of fabrics already in use with fabrics made from other fibers have been adapted to synthetic fiber fabrics. 

Synthetic fibers are generally thermoplastic, and the careful use of heat—either wet or dry—has been used to set the twist or weave in fabrics. Heat setting for nylon, although it is not a chemical process, is necessary to prevent unwanted wrinkles or other distortions from appearing in subsequent processing and use. Glass fiber fabrics are subjected to the coronizing process where the fabric is heated to about 1100° F. 

PVP is a nonionic water-soluble polymer that interacts with water-soluble dyes to form water-soluble complexes with less fabric substantivity than the free dye. Additionally, PVP inhibits soil redeposition and is particularly effective with synthetic fibers and synthetic cotton blends. The polymer comprises hydrophilic, dipolar imido groups in conjunction with hydrophobic, apolar methylene and methine groups. The combination of dipolar and amphiphilic character make PVP soluble in water and organic solvents such as alcohols and partially halogenated alkanes, and will complex a variety of polarizable and acidic compounds. PVP is particularly effective with blue dyes and not as effective with acid red dyes. 

Natural and synthetic fibers Fabric softeners, antistatics, textiles auxiliaries... 

Acrylamide Cetyl methacrylate Ethylene propylene maleic anhydride copolymer Pentadecyl methacrylate Polyethylene Styrene/a-methyl styrene resin adhesive additive, elastomeric coatings to synthetic fiber fabrics Chlorobenzene... 

Ditallow dimonium chloride softener, fabrics natural fibers Dicetyidimonium chloride softener, fabrics synthetic fibers Dicetyidimonium chloride softener, fabrics textiles Dihydrogenated tallowamidoethyl hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate softener, fiber... 

Both natural and synthetic polymers have been used to fabricate suture fibers. However, there are far more suture fibers fabricated from synthetic than natural polymers. The advantage of using synthetic polymers is consistency in raw material sources as well as reproducible manufacturing... 

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