Natural fabrics

Some polymers, both synthetic and natural, can be spun into long, thin fibres. These fibres are woven into natural fabrics (such as cotton, linen, and wool) or synthetic fabrics (such as rayon, nylon, and polyester). Figure 2.11, on the next page, shows some polymer products. 

CINSOFT CR-70 improves the sewing properties and helps to eliminate needle cutting on most synthetic and natural fabrics. 

Natural fabrics are usually easier to dye than synthetic ones, so fewer chemicals are needed to manufacture them. 

If you are stripping very old paint, check for lead content. Avoid plastics and PVC use untreated wood and natural fabrics on cots and other nursery furniture. 

Current research at The University of Tennessee In protective apparel for pesticide applicators has Investigated decontamination, penetration and user preference for protective apparel. The decontamination studies found pesticides behaved similarly to soil removal, with oily based soils being more difficult to remove from synthetic fabrics and particulate soil being more difficult to remove from woven natural fabrics. Initial studies on the effect of fabric finishes on pesticide penetration found a fluorocarbon finish was most effective. There was, however, an Increase in penetration with Increased launderings of the finished fabric. In a survey of user preference of available garments, cost was the predominant factor affecting choice, ranking above either safety or comfort. 

The alignment of the LC molecules is crucial for successful operation of an LCD. Not only does it control the electro-optical switching mode of the display, appropriate alignment also prevents the formation of random mul-tidomains, disclination lines or small mismatches in LC director orientation that deteriorate the displayed image. An alignment layer imposes the orientation onto the LC molecules. Conventionally this alignment layer is rubbed by synthetic or natural fabric, e.g. polyester or velvet [1-4]. 

Membranes are semi-permeable barriers that are used to isolate and separate constituents from a fluid stream. The separatirai process can be accomplished through a number of physical and chemical properties of the membrane as well as the material being separated. Separation can occur through processes such as size, ionic char, solulnlity, and combinations of several processes. Membranes can remove materials ranging from large visible particles to molecular and ionic chemical species. Membrane materials are diverse and can consist of synthetic polymers, natural fabrics, porous metals, porous ceramics, or liquids. The surface of the membrane can be chemically or biologically altered to perform separations on specific chemical... 

Adhesive bonding Adhesive bonding uses a separate material at the joint interface, which binds either chemically or mechanically to the substrate. The adhesive may be chemically or thermally reactive or may bond on evaporation of a carrier (water or solvent). Most synthetic or natural fabrics (woven and nonwoven) independent of synthetic fibre content. It can also be used to join garments to nontextile accessories (glitter, foil, etc.). 

Adhesive bonding is often used to manufacture seamless garments. However, the technology is also used to seal the insertion of holes made by needles, provide extra strength to seams, create stiffness, and to waterproof seams. Applications are primarily in sports, medical, and protective clothing as well as shoemaking and the manufacturing of other apparel accessories. Adhesives can be used on synthetic or natural fabrics, and they can be used to make joints between dissimilar materials, such as fabrics to metals or fabrics to foams. 

Letort, Y. Halm, L. (1953) Produits r frattaires et isolants nature, fabrication, et utilisation. Centre d 6tudes supdrieures de la siderurgie (CESS), Metz. 

FIGURE 14.2 Polarized optical images of StercuUa urens natural fabric (a) untreated, (b) alkali treated, and (c) alkali with silane-coupling agent treated [61]. (See insert for color representation of the figure.)... 

Some stains are permanent. Dry cleaners have tricks, but they aren t magic. The key is to rush stained garments in as soon as possible. Natural fabrics like silk, cotton, and wool absorb and retain stains over time. 

The first remark we can make is that we cannot define natural as that which is taken direcdy from nature as this would be much too restrictive and would exclude a range of objects that are commonly held to be natural. Too many natural products are submitted to chemical or physical operations in order to adapt them to their intended functions. Thus, for example, a natural fabric like wool or cotton, or a dye like madder only appear to be natural in contrast to others that are much less so. But they are not employed directly upon being taken from nature. Indeed, the processing of materials like wool involves highly technological interventions used to separate the fibres, wash them and prepare them for use. ... 

Anionic surfactants account for about 50% of surfactant use in Europe and about 60% in the United States. Most are high-foaming but sensitive to hard water and therefore require the addition of substances to complex calcium and magnesium ions (i.e., detergent builders). They are more effective than other surfactants in particulate soil removal, especially from natural fabrics. As a rule, they are easily spray-dried and thus are favored for detergent powders. 

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