Carbon Fiber Characterization

Cazorla-Amords, D., dc Lecea, C. S. M., Alcaniz-Monge, J., Gardner, M., North, A. and Dore, J., Characterization of activated carbon fibers by small-angle x-ray scattering. Carbon, 1998, 36(3), 309 312. 

Cazorla-Amoros, D., Alcaniz-Mongc, J. and Linares-Solano, A., Characterization of activated carbon fibers by COj adsorption, Langmuir, 1996, 12(11), 2820 2824. 

Tanahashi, 1., Yoshida, A. and Nishino, A., Electrochemical characterization of activated carbon fiber cloth polarizable electrodes for electric double layer capacitors. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1990, 137(10), 3052 3056. 

Burchell, T.D., Weaver, C E., Derbyshire, F., Fei, Y.Q. and Jagtoyen M., Carbon fiber composite molecular sievesisynthesis and characterization. In Proc. Carbon 94, Granada, Spain, Spanish Carbon Group, 1994, pp. 650 651. 

Attwood PA, McNicol BD, Short RT. 1980. Electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol in acid electrolyte—Preparation and characterization of noble-metal electrocatalysts supported on pretreated carbon-fiber papers. J Appl Electrochem 10 213-222. 

Cazorla-Amoros D, Alcafiiz-Monge J, Linares-Solano A. Characterization of Activated Carbon Fibers by CO2 Adsorption. Langmuir 1996 12(11 ) 2820-2824. 

Biro, D.A., McAlea, P.K. and Deslandes, Y. (1991). Application of the microbond technique characterization of carbon fiber-epoxy interfaces. Potym. Eng. Sci. 37, 1250-1256. 

Pitkethly, M.J. and Doble, J.B. (1990). Characterizing the fiber/matrix interface of carbon fiber-reinforced composites using a single fiber pullout test. Composites 21, 389-395. 

Electrolytic or anodic oxidation is fast, uniform and best suited to mass production. This process is most widely used for treatment of commercial carbon fibers. The oxidation mechanism of most carbon fibers is characterized by simultaneous formation of CO2 and degradation products that are dissolved in the electrolyte of alkaline solution or adhere onto the carbon fiber surface in nitric acid. Only minor changes in the surface topography and the surface area of the fiber are obtained with a small weight loss, say, normally less than 2%. 

Donnet, J.B., Guilman, G. (1991). Surface characterization of carbon fibers. Composites 22, 59-62. 

Gerard J.F. (1988). Characterization and role of an elastomeric interphase on carbon fibers reinforcing an epoxy matrix. Polym. Eng. Sci. 28, 173-190. 

Low, B.Y., Gardener, S.D., Pittman, C.U. and Hackett, R.M. (1995b). A micromechanical characterization of residual thermal stresses in carbon fiber/epoxy composites containing a non-uniform interphase region. Composites Eng. 5, 375-396. 

Kalnin, I. L., and H. Jager (1985). Carbon fiber surfaces—characterization, modification and effect on the fracture behavior of carbon fiber-polymer composites, pp. 62—77. In Fitzer E., ed. Carbon Fibers and Their Composites. Springer-Verlag, New York. 

Two different polyacrylonitrile precursor carbon fibers, an A fiber of low tensile modulus and an HM fiber of intermediate tensile modulus were characterized both as to their surface chemical and morphological composition as well as to their behavior in an epoxy matrix under interfacial shear loading conditions. The fiber surfaces were in two conditions. Untreated fibers were used as they were obtained from the reactors and surface treated fibers had a surface oxidative treatment applied to them. Quantitative differences in surface chemistry as well as interfacial shear strength were measur-ed. 

Interest in microelectrodes, in vivo analysis, and carbon-reinforced structural materials has stimulated research on the electrochemical behavior of carbon fibers. Such fibers have diameters ranging from a few micrometers to about 60 pm, with the majority in the range of 5-15 pm. Although carbon fibers have a wide variety of structures and properties and are often less well characterized than GC or graphite, they have been used successfully in several important electroanalytical experiments. 

The general experimental setup is shown in Fig. 37.1. The probe is an amperometric disk-shaped UME that is embedded in an insulating sheath, typically made from glass. Most often the electrode is made from Pt but electrodes from Au and carbon fibers have been used as well. Typical probe diameters are 10 or 25 pm. Of course, smaller electrodes may be used and this area is currently extensively explored. As it will be evident later, it is convenient to characterize the probe by two important radii the radius rT of the active electrode area and... 

Carbon fiber electrodes ( 100 nm dia.) were also used to characterize the diffusion between adjacent stream zones at the interface between a micro fluidic system (16 channels 50 im wide, 57 im deep, separated by a 22- im wall) and a large volume using 10 mM ferrocyanide and amperometric detection [756]. It was reported that when the carbon fiber electrode was used in a PDMS chip, the in-channel format gave better peak symmetry than the end-channel format [757]. 

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