Textile fibers characterization

The amide linkage characterizes nylons. In the first commercial nylon, nylon-6,6, R = (CH2 )g and R = (CH2 )4. Nylon-6,6 is familiar as a textile fiber (nylon stockings) and a molded plastic (see Polyamides). 

IGC has been used at zero surface coverage to characterize the surfaces of cellulose (5), cellophane (6), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) film (7 ). Surface properties of Intact textile fibers were also studied by IGC (8). Domlngo-Garcla et al. (9 ) have recently characterized graphite and graphltlzed carbon black surfaces with this method, and some zero coverage results on carbon fibers have appeared (10). 

Recent work has characterized the microparticles and identified their sotrrces other than those from the degradation of materials. For example, textile fibers, sometimes coming directly from the water of washing machines [BRO 11], are clearly identified as a source constituting a significant contribution to the sea. UNESCO also assesses that purification sludge stations are also an important sotrrce of microplastics. 

Deformations in textile fibers are measured on force-elmigation ciuves F = /(e), and not on stress-strain curves a =/(e) as with technical fibers, plastics, and rubbers. The curves F = /(e) often show a weak maximum characterized by the breaking force F (or force at break) at the point of elongation at break E ,ax- This point is sometimes followed by the somewhat lower value of the force at rupture F at the point of elongation at rupture Eb. 

Ribitsch, V., Stana-Kleinscheck, K., 1998. Characterizing textile fiber surfaces with streaming potential measurements. Text. Res. 1. 68, 701-707. 

Abstract Pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) have long been known as textile materials in many countries. Despite being mechanically excellent and environmentally sound, PALF are the least-studied natural fibers, especially for reinforcing composites. This article presents a survey of research works carried out on PALF and PALF-reinforced composites. It reviews PALF extraction, fiber characterization, and PALF applications, modification of PALF, and manufacture and properties of PALF-reinforced composites. With increasing importance of pineapple and pineapple plantation area, value-added applications of PALF as reinforcing fibers in polymer composites must be developed in order to increase resource potential of pineapple and consequently energize the utilization of PALF. 

Filament fi-l9-m9nt [MF, fr. ML filamen-tum, fr. LL filare to spin] (1594) n. A variety of fiber characterized by extreme length, which permits its use in yarn with httle or no twist and usually without the spinning operation required for fibers. Kadolph SJJ, Langford AL (2001) Textiles. Pearson Education, New York. 

Prange, A., et al. "Microanalysis in Forensic Science Characterization of Single Textile Fibers by Total Reflect Hon X-Ray Fluorescence." Analytical Sciences The International Journal cfthe Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry 11 (1995), 483. 

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been found to be a useful technique to characterize raw materials and finished textile products, and NIR methods and techniques continue to find increasingly diverse and wide-ranging quantitative and qualitative applications in the textile industry. Quantitative analyses determine the amount (or quantity) of the property/species of interest in a substance or material. Qualitative analyses can be used to either identify a specific species or subsfance present in a material (i.e., coating on a fiber), the type of material itself (i.e., cotton, nylon, or polyester), or the quality of the material. NIR quantitative and qualitative methods allow the user to rapidly, accurately, and precisely monitor key chemical, physical, and morphological properties of textile fibers, yarns, fabrics, and chemical textile auxiliaries. Chemical properties are specific chemical species or groups present in the material (i.e., CH, OH, NH) that result in NIR spectral absorbencies at distinctive... 

The objective of this chapter is to describe how thermal analysis can contribute to fiber identification and characterization. In order to achieve this objective it is necessary to understand how fibers are produced and how thermal history is impressed on these materials during production. The variety of commercial materials, manufacturing processes and additives used in the field of textile fibers renders a complete description impossible, however, an introduction to the principal aspects may be provided. 

The application of thermal analysis in the study of textile fibers is not restricted to their identification and characterization but may also be used to estabhsh structure-performance relationships so that fiber chemistry can evolve and performance can be enhanced in future formulations and treatments. 

Adapted from Yip, P.W., 2014. Analysis of two methods for characterization of flame resistant military fabrics and commercial textile fibers simultaneous DSC-TGA and pyrolysis GCMS. Technical report NATlCK/TR-14/008. US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA. 

The discovery of Ney, Nummy, and Barnes, that 2-pyrrolidone can be polymerized to nylon 4 by basic catalysts, stimulated much subsequent work on the preparation, physico-chemical characterization, and utilization of the polymer. The great interest in this polymer is due to the fact that nylon 4 textile fibers combine the good strength properties of nylon 6 or 66 with the hydrophilicity of cotton. ... 

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