Factor normalized

For steel mill auxiliary drives or for material handling equipment, the duty factor normally chosen for slip-ring motors is either 40%c or 60%. 

Sa is the relative sensitivity factor. Normally, values of Sa are derived empirically or semi-empirically. Tables of such sensitivity factors have been published by Payling... 

Use factors Normal wear and tear, abuse during installation, abuse by user application outside the designed use conditions... 

Megaloblastic anemias Deficiency of vitamin 6,2 Decreased absorption of 6,2, often due to a deficiency of intrinsic factor, normally secreted by gastric parietal cells... 

Most acute pathogens require specific growth factors normally associated with the tissues they infect but which are often normally absent in pharmaceutical formulations. They are thus unlikely to multiply in them, although they may remain viable and infective for an appreciable time in some dry products where the conditions are suitably protective. 

Calcium signaling is also involved in the response to growth factors. Normally, cells maintain low calcium levels in the cytosol. A low cytosolic calcium level is maintained by pumps that use ATP hydrolysis to move Ca2+ out of the cytosol. Ca2+ concentration in the cytosol increases by activating a calcium channel that lets Ca2+ flow back into the cytosol. 

Some factors such as the viscosity of the medium can make the foam harder to aerate but when aerated they work to resist the collapse. Other factors normally only work in one direction. 

Rayleigh ratio of scattering intensity at scattering angle 0 particle scattering factor = normalized molecular structure factor... 

Blessing, R. H. and Smith, G. D. (1999). Difference stmcture-factor normalization for heavy-atom or anomalous-scattering substructure determinations. /, Appl. Cryst. 32,664 670. 

Each Plackett-Burman design contains a fixed number of factors (a multiple of four minus one). After determination of the number of factors to be examined (this factors will be called real factors), the remaining number of potential factors in the design are defined as dummy factors. A dummy factor is an imaginary factor. A fractional factorial design on the other hand will be constructed depending only on the number of real factors. Normally no dummies are entered in those designs. 

Despite the impression made by occasional widespread pest outbreaks such as those of the gypsy moth, severe defoliation of forested ecosystems is quite unusual. Fewer than 10% of the species listed in the Canadian Forest Survey of Lepidoptera (1, 2) exhibit periodic or occasional outbreaks. Generally, defoliation in forests is less than 7% of primary production per year P, but see. The vast majority of forest Lepidoptera are quite rare almost all of the time, and their numbers do not fluctuate to a noticeable degree. These observations suggest that some factor or factors normally regulate forest insect populations and keep defoliation at low levels. 

It is essential to consider the physico-chemical properties of each WPC and casein product in order to effectively evaluate their emulsification properties. Otherwise, results merely indicate the previous processing conditions rather than the inherent functional properties for these various products. Those processing treatments that promote protein denaturatlon, protein-protein Interaction via disulfide interchange, enzymatic modification and other basic alterations in the physico-chemical properties of the proteins will often result in protein products with unsatisfactory emulsification properties, since they would lack the ability to unfold at the emulsion interface and thus would be unable to function. It is recommended that those factors normally considered for production of protein products to be used in foam formation and foam stabilization be considered also, since both phenomena possess similar physico-chemical and functionality requirements (30,31). 

Experimentally determined K-factors normally are plotted against pressure on a log-log scale. Figures 14-1 and 14-2 show equilibrium ratios of two typical petroleum mixtures for several temperatures. 

Concentration by Relative Response Factors. Normalized. This is similar to area percentage, but each area is corrected by a relative response factor characteristic of a given compound. 

In setting limits on exposure intended to prevent the occurrence of deterministic responses, the safety and uncertainty factors that are applied to the assumed thresholds for hazardous chemicals that cause deterministic effects usually are considerably larger (by at least a factor of 10) than the safety factor normally applied to the thresholds for deterministic responses from exposure to radiation. Furthermore, the assumed threshold usually is more conservative for hazardous chemicals than for radiation (i.e., a lower confidence limit of the threshold often is used for... 

Deterministic responses from exposure to hazardous chemicals generally are of concern in health protection of the public because many of the exposure limits derived from the assumed thresholds and the applied safety and uncertainty factors fall within the range of potential routine exposures. However, the possibility that the large safety and uncertainty factors normally used in setting exposure limits are quite conservative (pessimistic) could be taken into account in developing a risk-based waste classification system. Deterministic responses from exposure to radionuclides should not be of concern in health protection of the public or in classifying waste, because the dose limits intended to prevent deterministic responses are substantially higher than the dose limit intended to limit the occurrence of stochastic responses. 

HT = inside tube coefficient (step 9), Btu/h °F ft2 RDt = tube inside fouling factor (normally 0.001 to 0.005 however, for severe fouling, could be > 0.02)... 

Equation (35) does not represent a true sum-of-the-years-digits factor. Normally, the constant declining rate or gradient for the sum-of-the-years-digits method, of depreciation is 1 =... 

Q10 What factors normally control pancreatic enzyme secretion ... 

Some resistance factors provide only minor levels of resistance (two- to fourfold), so they would not be expected to add significantly to resistance levels. However, resistance factors normally do not occur alone. They frequently interact in a synergistic way so that the combined effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects. The most common interaction is that between penetration and metabolism. Interactions also occur between kdr and P450s, between nerve insensitivity and P450s, and between various other combinations of these factors. 

The factors normally considered in analytical methods validation include ... 

Ideally, to avoid segregation, it is useful to mix powders with very close characteristics. Particle size is the most important factor. Normally, all the powders should have the same particle size. It is therefore necessary to mill and sieve them before mixing so that they present the same size. However, every substance has its own properties, and the same size does not mean the same shape and the same other properties. 

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